小檗碱改善精神分裂症认知障碍

无干预：控制组

实验性的：小檗碱组

药品：Berberine

Patients in the berberine group received berberine hydrochloride tablets (100 mg/tablet), three tablets three times daily.

其他名称：

• 稳定的抗精神病药物

Change in the MCCB Overall Composite Score

MCCB is a standardized measurement tool for assessing cognitive function in schizophrenia. There are 9 subtests, which mainly assess 7 cognitive domains, including information processing speed, attention/alertness, Working memory, word learning, visual memory, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. After the evaluation is completed, the MCCB rough score is converted into the total score T score obtained after correction for age, gender, years of education, and untreated period. The T score is then converted into a defect score, with T scores ≥ 40, 35-39, 30-34, 25-29, 20-24, and ≤ 19 corresponding to defect scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Among them, 1 represents mild defects, 2 represents mild to moderate defects, 3 represents moderate defects, 4 represents moderate to severe defects, and 5 represents severe defects. In this study, a defect score of ≥ 3 was used as the boundary for significant cognitive impairment.

CRP变化

C反应蛋白（CRP）的浓度通过静脉血进行测量。 CRP是一种由肝脏合成的急性期反应蛋白，其主要功能是识别和清除病原体或受损细胞。 它在炎症反应、感染监测和疾病监控中发挥着关键作用。

粪便宏基因测序(FMS)的变化

从患者粪便样本中提取总基因组DNA并进行质量控制。 合格DNA随后使用Covaris超声波破碎仪随机片段化为约350 bp以构建文库，并通过Qubit和qPCR进行定量。 完成文库质控后，混合文库在Illumina NovaSeq平台（PE150）上进行测序。 原始测序数据经质量控制后，进行组装和基因预测以构建非冗余基因集。 随后对基因进行物种分类和功能注释分类，并计算丰度统计。 对样本及样本组进行统计分析，包括相似性聚类、分组排序和差异比较。

Change from baseline in scores on the remaining MCCB domains

MCCB is a standardized measurement tool for assessing cognitive function in schizophrenia. There are 9 subtests, which mainly assess 7 cognitive domains, including information processing speed, attention/alertness, Working memory, word learning, visual memory, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition. After the evaluation is completed, the MCCB rough score is converted into the total score T score obtained after correction for age, gender, years of education, and untreated period.

Psychiatric Symptoms

The psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed in all enrolled patients using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-rated scale yielding a total score ranging from 30 (least symptomatic) to 210 (symptomatic), where higher scores indicate more severe psychopathology.

Depressive Symptoms

The Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24) was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. Each item was scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (severe); the total score ranged from 0 to 76, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms.

Anxiety Symptoms

The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) is used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (very severe), with a total score range of 0-56. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.

Changes in plasma levels of short-chain fatty acids.

Week 12 changes in plasma short-chain fatty acid levels from baseline.

Changes in plasma bile acid levels

Week 12 changes in plasma bile acid from baseline.

Changes in plasma tryptophan levels

Week 12 changes in plasma tryptophan from baseline.

Changes in glycolipid levels

Glucose and lipid levels were measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12.

Weight changes

Weight was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12.