Supporting American Indian/Alaska Native Mothers and Daughters in Reducing Gestational Diabetes Risk

October 22, 2019 updated by: Denise Charron-Prochownik, University of Pittsburgh
The purpose of this study is to modify an existing Reproductive Health intervention for adolescents with diabetes for Gestational Diabetes and make it culturally appropriate American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents. The intervention will then be evaluated for effectiveness in AI/AN female teens at risk for GDM.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has escalated to epidemic proportion and can cause maternal and child complications. GDM is a significant maternal risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and places the fetus at increased risk for congenital morbidity/mortality and for future onset of diabetes. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women are twice as likely to develop GDM and T2D; mostly due to healthcare disparities (e.g., limited access to resources, lack of culturally relevant programs). The need for an inexpensive accessible GDM intervention in this population is compelling. The intervention should be delivered during adolescence and prior to sexual debut. Preconception counseling (PC) prevents unplanned pregnancies and significantly reduces risks of complications. If GDM in a previous pregnancy is an indicator of high risk in subsequent pregnancies, then preventing GDM in a first pregnancy is imperative. For a significant and innovative shift in paradigm, the Investigators propose a primary prevention PC intervention for AI/AN adolescent females at risk for GDM to enhance healthy lifestyle behaviors and family planning vigilance prior to this first pregnancy. The Investigators will target girls starting at the age of 12 to coincide with both the "Coming-of-Age" rituals for AI/AN girls during which many receive womanly advice from elder female family members, and the American Diabetes Association recommendation that PC in all females should start at puberty. This new directive will require support from the teens' mothers (or their female caregiver) and well-informed community health care professionals (HCP). Our objective is to adapt our current PC intervention (validated for teens with diabetes) using a sequential mixed-method design with a multi-tribal AI/AN community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach (e.g., Navajo, Cherokee, 40 Oklahoma tribes; 8 project members are AI/AN) by first using focus groups of teens, mothers, HCP, and Tribal leaders; and then testing this culturally appropriate PC theory-based intervention named Stopping GDM in AI/AN adolescent females 12 to <20yrs at risk for GDM (e.g., pre-diabetes or BMI> 85%). Teens and their mothers will receive the Stopping GDM to raise their awareness of the risks of GDM and benefits of healthy lifestyle to reduce these risks. By also providing mothers with PC knowledge and skills they can naturally weave cultural/social influences into their communications with their daughters. The multi-level intervention will be directed at the individual, familial and institutional levels simultaneously. AI/AN community-researcher partnerships have been established. A randomized controlled trial with a 15mos follow-up will test the effects of receiving online Stopping GDM on mother-daughter (M-D) cognitive/psychosocial and behavioral outcomes, and daughter family planning vigilance. The final online Stopping GDM program will be provided at no cost to the Indian Health Service (IHS) for dissemination to all their sites. HCPs at each clinical facility will be given free access to a continuing education program for PC training. This proposal provides a unique opportunity for a broad dissemination to significantly impact all IHS AI/AN female teens at risk for GDM, and help to prevent them and their future children from developing T2D.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
398

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Oklahoma
      • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 73114
        • Indian Health Resource Center of Tulsa

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years to 20 years (ADULT, CHILD)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria: Daughter(index subject)

  • females between the ages of 12 to <20 years
  • at risk for GDM (such as having metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes, or BMI > 85%; and an A1C < 6.5%)
  • fluent in English.

Inclusion criteria: Mother (or significant female caregiver, e.g., grandmother, aunt, adult sister, stepmother) of daughters at risk for GDM

  • natural, adoptive, or step, living with their daughters
  • fluent in English

Exclusion Criteria: Daughters:

  • A1C > 6.5%, [20, 26] abnormal Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT),
  • signs and symptoms of diabetes,
  • a history of another chronic illness or mental retardation,
  • pregnant at the time of recruitment.

Exclusion Criteria Mothers:

  • foster mother of an adolescent girl because she may not be a consistent caregiver.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: Intervention
Treatment receives the STOPPING-GDM intervention. Control does not receive the intervention.
Behavioral: STOPPING-GDM
Educational counseling and skills building Intervention
NO_INTERVENTION: Control
Control does not receive the intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Reproductive Health Behaviors
Time Frame: 15 months
Family-Planning Vigilance Behavior are defined as using effective family planning/abstinence, seeking PC, and initiating discussion with health care professionals . "Effective family planning behaviors" is a weight summary of the teen's most frequently used contraception. Weights will be derived using the annual failure rates for methods of contraception reported in Trussell's algorithm. Rates are transformed into probabilities of failure (0 to 1), 0 = no failure. Overall effectiveness of contraception is computed as 1-Pr [Failure]. Combination methods (> 2 jointly) is the product of the failure probability of the individual methods used jointly. For multiple methods used singly, the overall probability of failure will be computed as the average of the failure probabilities. Subjects who were never sexually active will be given a failure probability of zero
15 months
Beliefs and Attitudes
Time Frame: 15 months
Beliefs/attitudes Reproductive Health and Diabetes Questionnaire (EHBM scale) Based on the EHBM,[53, 76, 82] perceived susceptibility (9 items) and perceived severity (7), perceived benefits (12) of and barriers (15), and self-efficacy (18) (confidence to use FPV); Likert-type (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree).[76] Each construct has a composite score; higher= stronger attitudes. (alphas: susceptibility = .74; severity = .94; benefit = .88; barriers = .97; self-efficacy = .96
15 months
Knowledge/Decision-Making
Time Frame: 15 Months
Knowledge/decision-making Reproductive-health Awareness for Teens with DM Quest (Knowledge scale) Multiple choice, based on 100% correctness, subscales: diabetes and pregnancy (28 items); contraception (5); sexuality (7); puberty (3); PC (25); and general family planning (8) (Cronbach alpha .71; test-retest reliability r= 0.76). Split-half differentiates pre- from post-test
15 Months
Social Support
Time Frame: 15 months
Social Support Reproductive Health and Diabetes Q. (Social Support scale) Social support is the process by which help is obtained from the social network (e.g., mothers/ female guardian) to meet one's needs. Support measure for mothers is the perceived actual support (emotional, appraisal, informational, and instrumental)[54] they provided to their daughters for lifestyle management and family planning vigilance. Daughters' measure is perceived available support from their mother for the same behaviors. Summation score of 9 items with responses, "a lot of help" =7 to "no help at all" =1. Higher scores = greater support. Alpha = .92
15 months
Initiating Discussion
Time Frame: 15 months
Initiating Discussions with M-D Initiating Discussion M-D Scale Teens and mothers respond to 4 yes/no items of actual discussions they have had regarding GDM and reproductive health issues (pregnancy, sexuality, birth control and PC
15 months
Lifestyle Management
Time Frame: 15 months
Lifestyle Self-Management Lifestyle Self-Management Scale (DM Care Profile) Daughter's adherence is a 3-item scale (1= "not very well done" to 7= "very well done") based on diabetes-prevention self-care management (diet, physical activity, clinic visits).[84] Cronbach's alpha from our studies is .75. Culturally-relevant items will be added during Phase 1
15 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
BMI
Time Frame: 15 months
Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI percentile a standard parameter for obesity will be the measured weight (kilograms) divided by measured height using a stadiometer (meters) squared. Change in BMI will be analyzed. Percentiles will be specific to sex and month of age using algorithms by the Center for Disease Control. BMI z scores will also be calculated. Identical scales and stadiometers, provided by the study, will be calibrated according to the manufacturer. Protocols/ categories from the SEARCH study will be used.
15 months
Hemoglobin A1C values to evaluate Glycemic Control
Time Frame: 15 months
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1C) A1C is a standard index of long-term glycemic control, reflecting 3-month average blood glucose levels. Clinic A1C values will be recorded from the subjects' medical records, and entered into the online database. Each site uses the same standardized method for obtaining A1C samples. Blood will be collected from a finger stick and analyzed immediately. Each site will use the same manufacturer's calibration techniques . The investigators will evaluate changes in glycemic control per the categories in the American Diabetes Association guidelines. A Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1C) > 6.5% is an exclusion criteria.
15 months
Number of subjects reporting an unplanned pregnancy
Time Frame: 15 months
Self Report of Unplanned Pregnancy (no or yes) since last visit.
15 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Pittsburgh

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
University of Colorado, Denver
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
University of Oklahoma
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Sundance Research Institute
St. Regis Mohawk
Indian Health Care Resource Center of Tulsa

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Nancy O'Bannion, MS, Indian Health Care Resource Center of Tulsa
  • Study Director: Jeff Powell, MD, University of Colorado (Shiprock-subcontract )

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 16, 2018

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 30, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 30, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 1, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 23, 2016

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 30, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 24, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 22, 2019

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 1R01NR014831-01A1 (NIH)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

It is our intention to make all data generated from this proposal freely available. The primary mechanism of data dissemination will be through submission of abstracts to regional, national, and international meetings and the submission of manuscripts. The principal investigator will serve as liaison with other investigators in the sharing of additional materials if necessary.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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