IV Acetaminophen for Post-Operative Pain Management in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Population

January 10, 2021 updated by: Kathirvel Subramaniam

Role of Scheduled Intravenous Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain Management in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Population: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Number of patients with unsatisfactory pain relief defined as average visual analog scale (VAS) more than 5 with or without requirement of IVPCA for pain relief during the first 48 hours postoperative period will be compared between the two groups and form the primary outcome for the study. Postoperative pain intensity will be measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with 0- being no pain and 10-being maximum pain and the analgesic efficacy in both groups will also be evaluated by the amount of total narcotic consumption (measured with IV morphine equivalent doses of analgesics used to provide pain relief).

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

In response to an increased focus on improving patient outcomes and satisfaction with surgical care, a growing body of clinical evidence has recently been dedicated to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols. These evidence-based perioperative pathways aim to optimize patients undergoing surgery in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. ERAS protocols have incorporated the use of multimodal analgesia to minimize the use of intra- and postoperative opioid analgesics. Lidocaine, ketamine, magnesium, gabapentin, acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are some of the adjuvant analgesics used in combination with regional blocks to optimize analgesia and recovery. Multimodal analgesia has dependably been shown to significantly reduce postoperative opioid requirements as well as opioid-related side effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting. Both oral and intravenous acetaminophen preparations have been shown to be useful adjuvants in multimodal analgesia. Intravenous acetaminophen has been of interest for its utility in post-surgical patients, who have not yet been cleared for oral intake. Intravenous acetaminophen should also be preferred over oral acetaminophen in patients after major abdominal surgery where absorption of medications given through oral route is erratic. Although the efficacy of intravenous acetaminophen as a postoperative pain adjunct is known, its exact role in ERAS protocols and non-narcotic multimodal analgesic regimens for major abdominal surgery has not been studied in randomized clinical trials to define its efficacy. The primary goal of this study is to assess the utility of a postoperative intravenous acetaminophen dosing schedule in minimizing postoperative pain, opioid consumption and opioid-related side effects. We also aim to study overall patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness (direct and indirect costs) of this regimen as part of ERAS protocol at a large tertiary medical center.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
180

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Pennsylvania
      • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
        • Upmc Presbyterian Montefiore Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male or Female
  • 18 years of age or older
  • patients scheduled for elective colorectal, pancreatic, and other major abdominal procedure.
  • Patient consent will be obtained preoperatively for eligible study participants.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who refuse to participate in the study or part of any other enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) research protocol.
  • Patients with a documented allergy to acetaminophen.
  • Chronic alcoholism
  • Hypovolemia
  • Chronic malnutrition
  • Preoperative renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance less than or equal to 30ml/min) or hemodialysis
  • Patients with a history of hepatic impairment, history of hepatic impairment or active hepatic disease
  • severe chronic pain condition that required daily preoperative opioid dependence
  • Patients with pre-existing dementia and/or other neuropsychiatric conditions impeding accurate assessment of pain scores or other study measures will be excluded.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Acetaminophen Injectable Product
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group
Drug: Acetaminophen Injectable Product
The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Other Names:
  • Tylenol
  • Paracetamol
  • Ofirmev
Placebo Comparator: Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group
Drug: Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Other Names:
  • Saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postoperative Pain Intensity
Time Frame: PACU admission every thirty minutes until discharge to the floor and thereafter every four hours for first 24-hour, then every six hours until 48 hours and then every twelve hours until 72 hours postoperatively.
Number of patients with unsatisfactory pain relief defined as average numeric rating scale (NRS) more than 5 will be compared between the two groups. This may include patients using IVPCA for pain relief during the first 48 hours postoperative.
PACU admission every thirty minutes until discharge to the floor and thereafter every four hours for first 24-hour, then every six hours until 48 hours and then every twelve hours until 72 hours postoperatively.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Total Post-operative Narcotic Consumption
Time Frame: From time of PACU admission until the time of discharge and 72-hours postoperatively, whichever comes first
Rescue analgesia will be given according to institutional pain management protocol. Unit of Measure recorded as OME (Oral Morphine Equivalent) consumption in mg.
From time of PACU admission until the time of discharge and 72-hours postoperatively, whichever comes first
Time to Readiness for Discharge From Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
Time Frame: From time of PACU admission until the time of discharge, assessed up to 24 hours postoperatively
The time from PACU admission to PACU discharge to the floor will be measured.
From time of PACU admission until the time of discharge, assessed up to 24 hours postoperatively
Time to Bowel Movement
Time Frame: From time patient left operating room until the time of first documented bowel movement, assessed up to hospital discharge
The time it takes for the first bowel movement postoperatively will be measured.
From time patient left operating room until the time of first documented bowel movement, assessed up to hospital discharge
Time to Oral Intake
Time Frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented oral intake, assessed up to 72 hours postoperatively
The time it takes for the patient to ingest orally post-surgery will be measured.
From date of randomization until the date of first documented oral intake, assessed up to 72 hours postoperatively
Time to Ambulation
Time Frame: From date of PACU admission until the date of first documented ambulation, assessed up to 72 hours postoperatively
The time it takes for the patient to successfully ambulate post-surgery will be measured.
From date of PACU admission until the date of first documented ambulation, assessed up to 72 hours postoperatively
Time to Hospital Discharge
Time Frame: From date of randomization until the date of hospital discharge or 30 days postoperatively, whichever comes first
The time it takes for the patient to be fully discharged from the hospital post-surgery will be measured.
From date of randomization until the date of hospital discharge or 30 days postoperatively, whichever comes first
Number of Participants With Readmission to the Hospital
Time Frame: From the time of consent until 30 days post-operatively
If the patient is readmitted to the hospital after being fully discharged, the event will be recorded.
From the time of consent until 30 days post-operatively
Patient Satisfaction
Time Frame: These measurements will be taken at time of discharge up to 30 days, whichever comes first
Overall patient satisfaction as well as satisfaction relating to pain management and cost analyses will be measured. These will be measured with a numerical rating scale (NRS) with 0- being worst satisfaction and 10 - best satisfaction.
These measurements will be taken at time of discharge up to 30 days, whichever comes first
Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC)
Time Frame: The delirium scores will first be measured every 12 hours for 72 hours after surgery.
Number of patients who score greater than a 4 on the 0-8 point ICDSC scale to assess delirium scores. 8 separate levels of signs for delirium assessed (1. altered level of consciousness, 2. inattention, 3. disorientation, 4. hallucination, delusion, or psychosis, 5. psychomotor agitation or retardation, 6. inappropriate speech or mood, 7. sleep-wake cycle disturbance, 8. symptom fluctuation), with 0 points awarded when patient does not exhibit above signs of delirium and 1 point awarded per confirmed sign of delirium. Score then totaled, 0 = normal, 1-3 = subsyndromal delirium, 4-8 = delirium.
The delirium scores will first be measured every 12 hours for 72 hours after surgery.
Post-operative Nausea
Time Frame: These will be evaluated from the time of PACU admission until 72 hours postoperatively.
Nausea will be evaluated by nausea score from 0 to 10, with 0 equaling no nausea and 10 equaling the worst nausea imaginable.
These will be evaluated from the time of PACU admission until 72 hours postoperatively.
Post-operative Emesis
Time Frame: These will be evaluated from the time of PACU admission until 72 hours postoperatively.
Frequency of emesis and rescue antiemetic requirement will be documented
These will be evaluated from the time of PACU admission until 72 hours postoperatively.
SF-12 Health Survey
Time Frame: These measurements will take place at 30-days post hospital discharge
Survey to assess patient's overall health (via a combination of mental and physical health assessment) at 30 days post-discharge. Two summary scores are reported from the SF-12 - a mental component score (MCS-12) and a physical component score (PCS-12). The scores may be reported as Z-scores (difference compared to the population average, measured in standard deviations). The United States population average PCS-12 and MCS-12 are both 50 points. The United States population standard deviation is 10 points. So each 10 increment of 10 points above or below 50, corresponds to one standard deviation away from the average
These measurements will take place at 30-days post hospital discharge

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kathirvel Subramaniam

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Mallinckrodt

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Kathirvel Subramaniam, M.D., M.P.H, Associate Professor and staff Anesthesiologist

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 24, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 7, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 19, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 22, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 26, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 28, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 10, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PRO17050418

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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