Carbohydrate-based Strategies to Prevent Exercise-induced Hypoglycemia

June 8, 2020 updated by: Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal

Comparison of Two Carbohydrate Intake Strategies to Improve Glucose Control During Exercise in Adolescents and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

To prevent hypoglycemia during prolonged exercise (>30 minutes), additional carbohydrate intake is frequently required. Carbohydrate intake required will vary with insulin regimens, timing and type of exercise as well as starting blood glucose level. In addition to the amount of carbohydrate ingested, the timing of carbohydrate intake could also have an impact on glucose control during exercise. Therefore, the objective of this study will be to compare the efficacy of two snacking strategies to maintain glucose levels in the target range during an exercise period in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes: 1) a snack containing ~0.5g of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight - rounded to the nearest 5g - given 5 minutes before exercise; 2) a snack containing ~0.5g of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight - rounded to the nearest 5g - distributed this way: ~40% given 5 minutes before exercise, ~30% after 20 minutes of exercise and the last ~30% after 40 minutes of exercise.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
37

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Canada
    • Quebec
      • Montreal, Quebec, Canada
        • Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Males and females ≥ 14 years of old.
  2. Clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for at least one year.
  3. Last (less than 3 months) HbA1c ≤ 10%.
  4. Patients using multiple daily injections with basal-bolus insulin regimen.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Clinically significant microvascular complications: nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate below 40 ml/min), neuropathy (especially diagnosed gastroparesis) or severe proliferative retinopathy as judged by the investigator.
  2. Recent (< 3 months) acute macrovascular event e.g. acute coronary syndrome or cardiac surgery.
  3. Abnormal blood panel and/or anemia.
  4. Ongoing pregnancy.
  5. Severe hypoglycemic episode within two weeks of screening.
  6. Other serious medical illness likely to interfere with study participation or with the ability to complete the exercise periods by the judgment of the investigator (e.g. orthopedic limitation).
  7. Treatment with CSII (Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion) "insulin pump therapy".

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Full snack given before exercise
A snack containing ~0.5g of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight will be given 5 minutes before exercise
Other: Exercise
Participants will be admitted at IRCM at 14:00. At 15:30, participants will performed a 60-minute exercise on the ergocycle at 60% of VO2 peak (moderate intensity). During exercise, capillary glucose levels will be measured every 10 minutes. At 16:30, the exercise will be completed and capillary glucose levels will be monitored every 20 minutes for 1 hour. At 17:30, the participant will be discharged.
Other: Snack
Full snack or Distributed snack
Active Comparator: Distributed snack over exercise period
A snack containing ~0.5g of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight distributed this way will be given: ~40% given 5 minutes before exercise, ~30% after 20 minutes of exercise and the last ~30% after 40 minutes of exercise.
Other: Exercise
Participants will be admitted at IRCM at 14:00. At 15:30, participants will performed a 60-minute exercise on the ergocycle at 60% of VO2 peak (moderate intensity). During exercise, capillary glucose levels will be measured every 10 minutes. At 16:30, the exercise will be completed and capillary glucose levels will be monitored every 20 minutes for 1 hour. At 17:30, the participant will be discharged.
Other: Snack
Full snack or Distributed snack

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percentage of time of capillary glucose levels spent between 4-10 mmol/L
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured over 120 minutes
This time frame corresponds to the exercise period and the 1 hour following it
This outcome will be measured over 120 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percentage of time of sensor glucose levels spent between 4-10 mmol/L
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent below 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Decrease in glucose levels
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Difference between glucose level at the start of the exercise and the lowest glucose level from the start of the exercise until 1) the end of the exercise and 2) 1 hour after the end of the exercise.
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Increase in glucose level
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Difference between glucose level at the start of the exercise and the highest glucose level from the start of the exercise until 1) the end of the exercise and 2) 1 hour after the end of the exercise.
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Number of participants with an exercise-induced hypoglycemia below 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Number of participants with an exercise-induced hypoglycemia below 3.5 mmol/L
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Number of participants requiring an oral treatment for hypoglycemia
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Total number of hypoglycemia episodes requiring treatment
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent above 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Mean time (minutes) to the first hypoglycemic event
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes)
Mean glucose levels
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Standard deviation of glucose levels
Time Frame: This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
This outcome will be measured for the exercise period only (60 minutes) and for the exercise period and the hour following the exercise (120 minutes)
Percentage of time of glucose levels between 4 and 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to dinner time.
Dinner time will be up to the patient.
From the end of the exercise period to dinner time.
Percentage of time of glucose levels between 4 and 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels between 4 and 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels between 4 and 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent below 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Dinner time will be up to the patient.
From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent below 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent below 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent below 4 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent above 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Dinner time will be up to the patient
From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent above 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent above 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
Percentage of time of glucose levels spent above 10 mmol/L
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
Number of participants requiring treatment for hypoglycemia
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Dinner time will be up to the patient
From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Number of participants requiring treatment for hypoglycemia
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
Number of participants requiring treatment for hypoglycemia
Time Frame: From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
Number of participants requiring treatment for hypoglycemia
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
Number of hypoglycemic episodes requiring treatment
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Dinner time will be up to the patient
From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Number of hypoglycemic episodes requiring treatment
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
Number of hypoglycemic episodes requiring treatment
Time Frame: From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
Number of hypoglycemic episodes requiring treatment
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
Mean glucose levels
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Dinner time will be up to the patient
From the end of the exercise period to dinner time
Mean glucose levels
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to midnight (7.5 hours)
Mean glucose levels
Time Frame: From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
From midnight to 6:00 next morning (6 hours)
Mean glucose levels
Time Frame: From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)
From the end of the exercise period to 6:00 next morning (13.5 hours)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

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Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 3, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 2, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 2, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 6, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 10, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 11, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 11, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 8, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

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  • SNACK-1

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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