Body Composition, Energy Intake and Expenditure in People With Phenylketonuria

October 12, 2017 updated by: Dr Konstantinos Gerasimidis, University of Glasgow

- Contribution of Diet Induced Thermogenesis (DIT) and Fat Oxidation to Body Fatness and Body Composition of Patients With Phenylketonuria - Contribution of Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Energy Intake to Body Fatness and Body Composition of Patients With Phenylketonuria

This will be case-control study investigating whether dietary intake and components of energy expenditure such as Basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and diet induce thermogenesis (DIT) are different between people with phenylketonuria (PKU) and matched healthy controls. Participants will be children and adults with PKU age between 10 to 45 years old, free from history of any acute and chronic illness. Participants will attend the Metabolic Research Unit at New Lister Building (NLB) after 12-hour overnight fasting refraining from alcohol consumption for at least 24 hours. Any planned exercise will be avoided during the 48 hours prior visit to the Metabolic Research Unit. Height, body weight and handgrip strength will be measured upon arrival at the unit. BMR will be assessed and participants will be asked to provide baseline saliva sample followed by consumption of 8 g deuterium water (D2O) diluted in drinking water. Normal or PKU-type isocaloric breakfast meal will then be provided based on intervention group-type. DIT will be measured 5 times for 3 hours, with each measurement lasting for 20 minutes. Two saliva samples will be collected at 3 and 3.5 hours after ingestion of D2O. Participants will be asked to perform an incremental intensity exercise test for 20 minutes on the treadmill during which expired air will be collected and accelerometer counts and heart rate will be measured. Participants will then be trained on how to recorded food intake and how to use accelerometers for habitual physical activity measurements. PKU participants (and their parents if ≤15 years old) will be asked to complete quality of life (QoL) questionnaires. Participants will be required to wear the accelerometer equipment for seven consecutive days excluding bedtime and keep a record of non-wear times. During these days, they will also prospectively record estimated food and beverages intake over four days including one weekend day.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Unknown

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

  1. Anthropometric measurements:

    Height will be measured using a wall-mounted stadiometer to the nearest 0.01 meter. Body mass will be measured in kilograms using balance scale. Body mass index (BMI) will be calculated using the following formula: BMI = kg/m² [weight in kilograms/ height in meters²].

  2. Handgrip strength (kilograms):

    Grip strength will be measured by using a handgrip dynamometer as a measure of strength and physical capacity.

  3. Body composition determination, saliva samples collection, storage and analysis:

    Body composition will be determined using the deuterium water (D2O) dilution technique. Participants will be provided a dose of 8 g of D2O diluted in drinking water. Participants will be asked to provide a baseline saliva samples and another samples will be obtained at 3 and 3.5 hrs after ingestion of the D2O. Samples will be stored in freezers at -20 °C. All samples will be analysed at Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), Glasgow, for measurements of total body water (TBW) by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR).

  4. Metabolic rate measurement:

    Metabolic rate will be measured by means of computerised open-circuit ventilated hood system (Quark, Resting metabolic rate (RMR) ®, Italy). Rate of oxygen consumption (O2) and carbon dioxide production (CO2) will be recorded every 30 seconds for total duration of 20 minutes with 10 minute break.

  5. Breakfast meal:

    Participants in phenylketonuria (PKU) group will receive a breakfast based on PKU-type foods. Participants in control group will receive a similar breakfast based on normal foods with calories content and weight being matched between the groups.

  6. Measurements of physical activity (PA) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE):

    ActiGraph accelerometer (GT3X+®) will be used to measure and record acceleration of participant's physical activity. The participants will have to wear them for seven consecutive days. They should record the time they put the monitor on in the morning and when taking it off in the evening in their activity diaries. They also have to keep notes of time and reason if they take the monitor off during the day.

    Individual calibration curves for counts against rate of O2 and rate of CO2 will be established during rest, and continuous incremental exercise test on the treadmill. Each participant will conduct walking/ running test with starting speed of 2 km/h being increased by 1 km/h every 4 minutes. The test will be stopped when heart rate (HR) just reaches 80 % of maximal heart rate (HRmax) defined as 220 - age. During this incremental test, participants will wear both ActiGraph accelerometer and face mask connected to indirect calorimetry equipment (Quark RMR®, Italy) to measure rate of O2 and rate of CO2.

  7. Dietary analyses:

    Participants will record their food intake by food portion size estimation method. Participants will be asked to record their intake for four days including one weekend day. Data from food diaries will be compared to reference UK photographic atlas of food portion sizes to estimate weight of food intake. Food and energy intake will then be calculated using computerised program.

  8. Quality of life assessment:

    PKU participants' quality of life will be assessed by means of validated PKU-specific Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaires (PKU-QOL). The questionnaires cover the physical, emotional, and social impacts of PKU and its treatment on patients' lives and come along with a software to calculate PKU-QoL scores.

  9. Clinical data on history of disease activity:

Information about disease management relevant to the study (i.e. records of phenylalanine levels, weight and height status, and number of protein exchanges and dietary compliance, quantity and types of prescribed PKU foods and amino acid supplements) will be collected from the patients' medical notes. The data will be obtained for one year prior to the participants' intended day of study start.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
26

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
    • Scotland
      • Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, G31 2ER
        • Recruiting
        • University of Glasgow
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Konstantinos Gerasimidis, PhD,MSc,APHNutr
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Dalia Malkova, BSc,MSc,PhD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

10 years to 45 years (ADULT, CHILD)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Eligible patients will be identified from the clinical appointment lists held by the medical team of the metabolic medicine clinics in NHS GGC. A member of the treatment team (Mrs Barbara Cochrane or other members of the primary management clinical teams) will send an introductory letter about the study and the study information leaflet to those participants who are eligible to participate. This will give adequate time for the participants and their carers to consider the study prior to their subsequent clinical appointment. To increase recruitment rate, the researchers will present the study at the PKU group sessions, cooking and social events that are organised by the local clinical team

Controls will be recruited by means of poster advertisement and by university's email-broadcasting and word of mouth in the campus of the University of Glasgow, and other public areas (libraries, train/bus stations).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children and adults with PKU between 10 to 45 years old
  • Free from history of any acute and chronic illness (other than PKU)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with learning or mobility disabilities
  • Patients who are deemed not competent to provide informed consent as judged by the clinical staff
  • Pregnant or lactating women
  • Participants who are not able to read, comprehend or communicate in English

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Case group, PKU group
Children and adults (10 - 45 years old) with PKU attending the metabolic medicine clinics in the area of National Health Services (NHS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) will be approached for recruitment. Participants will be free from history of acute and chronic illness (other than PKU) requiring regular appointments to the doctor and/or chronic use of medication or major gastrointestinal surgery where major part of the gut has been resected as these conditions are known to impact on energy expenditure and dietary intake. Pregnant or lactating women will also be excluded from participation. People with learning or mobility difficulties or those with incapacity to provide informed consent will be excluded too. The clinical treatment team will evaluate patients' capacity to consent before considering them to participate in the study.
Other: No intervention
No intervention as this is an observational study investigates the difference between PKU ant matched healthy control in terms of energy components and dietary intake
Control group, healthy control
Gender, BMI and age matched healthy people will be recruited as a control group. Pregnant or lactating women will be excluded from participation. Those with any chronic illnesses or bone injuries will also be excluded.
Other: No intervention
No intervention as this is an observational study investigates the difference between PKU ant matched healthy control in terms of energy components and dietary intake

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Time Frame: 14 months
BMR by means of computerised open-circuit ventilated hood system (Quark RMR®, Italy).
14 months
Diet induce thermogenesis (DIT)
Time Frame: 14 months
DIT will be measured by means of computerised open-circuit ventilated hood system (Quark RMR®, Italy).
14 months
Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE)
Time Frame: 14 months
PAEE will be calculated during rest, and continuous incremental exercise by establishing an individual calibration curves for counts accelerometer against rate of oxygen (O2) and rate of carbon dioxide (CO2).
14 months
Energy and macro-nutrient intake
Time Frame: 14 months

Participants will be asked to estimate their food intake using household measures or natural unit sizes (e.g. slices of bread) and to record their intake for four days including one weekend day.

Data from food diaries will be compared to reference UK photographic atlas of food portion sizes to estimate weight of food intake. Food and energy intake will then be calculated using the dietary software 2010 (The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK).
14 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Body composition
Time Frame: 14 months
Will be determined using the deuterium water (D2O) dilution technique
14 months
Quality of life assessment
Time Frame: 14 months
PKU participants' quality of life will be assessed by means of validated PKU-specific Health related Quality of Life Questionnaires (PKU-QOL)
14 months
Hand-grip strength
Time Frame: 14 months
Grip strength will be measured by using a hand-grip dynamometer as a measure of strength and physical capacity
14 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Glasgow

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Dalia Malkova, BSc,MSc,PhD, University of Glasgow
  • Principal Investigator: Konstantinos Gerasimidis, PhD,MSc,APHNutr, University of Glasgow
  • Study Director: Barbara Cochrane, BSc,MSc, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
  • Study Director: Sarah Adam, BSc,PGC, Glasgow Royal Infirmary Hospital
  • Study Director: Peter Galloway, Med,MB CHB,DCH,FRCP,FRCPath, Glasgow Royal Infirmary Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 20, 2017

Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 20, 2019

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 20, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 23, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 12, 2017

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 13, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 13, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 12, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • R&D:GN16ME448P, REC:16/SW/0288

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Clinical Trials on No intervention

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings