Taking Responsible Actions in Life Evaluation (TRAIL)

December 21, 2021 updated by: Lynne Messer, Portland State University
TRAIL is a multi-tiered school-wide intervention delivered to middle and high school aged youth. The overall goal of the TRAIL project is to decrease rates of teen births by increasing the capacity of students to make healthy decisions regarding sexual health through the use of a school-wide pregnancy prevention model. The program will be delivered to youth in eighth and ninth grade at the intervention sites.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The TRAIL program is comprised of a multi-tier system of strategies:

  1. Universal Strategies (delivered school-wide) Universal strategies impact the entire school via a school-wide social norms marketing campaign and school-climate change activities. A social norms marketing campaign saturates the entire high school or middle school site through monthly newsletters, posters, and video campaigns to educate students on healthy behaviors and dispel their misperceptions of peers' sexual activity. School staff trainings and professional development activities focus on enhancing protective factors for students to reduce the effects of stressful life events and trauma, improving classroom management, linking students to resources, and improving the overall school climate for students and staff. Activities include trainings to staff and teachers on trauma-informed care, positive youth development, available teen friendly resources via the Network of Care teen resource guide and app, and available support programs to the parents. Three trainings are provided to key health staff and one training is provided to the entire school staff. Healthcare linkages and referrals are measured by school nurses and reviewed by program staff to assess and address any barriers to accessing services related to teen sexual health and related healthcare services.
  2. Targeted Strategies (delivered to the target grade level in the evaluation sample) Targeted strategies include an in-school curriculum and service learning component, which impact all ninth grade students at the intervention high schools and all eighth grade students at the intervention middle schools. Elevate is the in-school adolescent leadership curriculum program that provides teens with the knowledge, skills, and support they need to make healthy decisions regarding their future, including those related to sexual health. Elevate provides peer mentoring and an interactive curriculum covering topics such as setting and achieving goals; self-assessment; issues with family, friends, and self; media awareness; self-esteem; leadership; communication and negotiation skills; and future orientation. In addition, all eighth and ninth graders complete service learning projects to develop and deepen a positive attachment to the school and community. This tier includes five 90-minute sessions (7.5 hours) of classroom programing and ten hours of service learning.
  3. Intensive Strategies (delivered to select at-risk students) Intensive strategies are intended for a subset of youth and their caregivers with identified increased risk-factors, and they include peer mentoring, after-school running/positive youth development programming, summer programming, and parent workshop support. Although all eighth and ninth grade students and their caregivers are eligible to receive intensive strategies, a subset identified by the schools are be targeted. Participation is always voluntary. High school and college mentors are carefully selected and trained to act as peer mentors who collaborate to raise awareness about teen health issues in the community and promote healthy decision making. These mentors assist the universal, targeted, and intensive strategy activities. TRAIL enrichment is a twenty 90-minute session comprehensive noncompetitive running program that promotes future orientation, an active lifestyle, nutritious eating, and healthy decision-making including decisions regarding sexual health for adolescents to achieve holistic health and be successful adults. Summer Advantage opportunities provide meaningful, positive, and supervised activities for youth during the summer month. Activities are made available through community partners to allow students to experience various positive youth development outlets in the community, which are related to health, education, and the arts. Parent workshops are offered to equip parents and community members with prevention education and a system to reinforce positive norms for students.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
4261

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • ADULT
  • OLDER_ADULT
  • CHILD

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Parental passive consent (parents did not withdraw consent)
  • 9th grade at baseline (cohort 1) and 8th grade at baseline (cohort 2)
  • English or Spanish speaking

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Cognitive impairment
  • Repeat students (students repeating 9th grade for cohort 1 or 8th grade for cohort 2)
  • Moved out of district prior to randomization

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: SINGLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: TRAIL intervention

The TRAIL program is comprised of a multi-tier system of strategies:

  1. Universal Strategies (delivered school-wide),
  2. Targeted Strategies (delivered to the target grade level in the evaluation sample)
  3. Intensive Strategies (delivered to select at-risk students)
Behavioral: TRAIL intervention
The TRAIL program is comprised of a multi-tier system of strategies: Universal strategies impact the entire school via a school-wide social norms marketing campaign and school-climate change activities. School staff trainings and professional development activities focus on enhancing protective factors for students to reduce the effects of stressful life events and trauma, improving classroom management, linking students to resources, and improving the overall school climate for students and staff. Targeted strategies include an in-school curriculum and service learning component, which impact all ninth grade students at the intervention high schools and all eighth grade students at the intervention middle schools. Intensive strategies are intended for a subset of youth and their caregivers with identified increased risk-factors, and they include peer mentoring, after-school running/positive youth development programming, summer programming, and parent workshop support.
NO_INTERVENTION: Control
Students in the comparison schools receive the normal ninth grade health curriculum, "Reproductive and Health Safety Education."

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participant report of having not been abstinent in the past three months at 18-month follow up assessment
Time Frame: At 18 month post intervention
Reporting not having been abstinent in the past three months
At 18 month post intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Portland State University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 23, 2016

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 29, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 15, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 21, 2021

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 10, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 10, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 21, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 163673

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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