Food As Medicine Study

March 20, 2025 updated by: Kaiser Permanente

Produce Prescriptions At Kaiser Permanente Southern California - an Innovative 'food As Medicine' Clinical Trial to Improve Food Insecurity and Health Among Medicaid Patients with Consistently Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes

The investigators are conducting a pre-randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of a 6 month Produce Prescription intervention for patients enrolled in Medicaid who experience consistently uncontrolled Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The study is conducted at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a large and diverse integrated health care system that serves 4.7 million members. Eligible participants are members aged 18 or older, currently enrolled in Medicaid who were diagnosed with diabetes for at least 24 months and had at least two Hba1c measurements of 7.5% or higher in the past 12 months. Patients in the intervention arm may enroll in tele nutrition counseling. The study team will recruit a total of 450. Participants, will be pre-randomized into one of three arms, 1) high dose intervention arm, a 2) low dose intervention and 3) a usual care group to achieve 150 participants enrolled in each arm. Produce is delivered weekly for participants of both intervention arms. Participants randomized to the high dose arm will receive a greater amount per month of produce versus the low dose amount (for a family of 3-4, $180 per month versus $135 respectively). Foods are provided along with recipes. The amount of food delivered is adjusted for each additional family member for up to 5 family members. The primary outcome is change in hemoglobin A1c pre-intervention and 6 months after enrollment. Secondary outcomes include, food insecurity status, dietary intake and other patient reported outcomes related to barriers to healthy eating including family conflict and cooking habits.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
460

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Pasadena, California, United States, 91101
        • Kaiser Permanente Southern California

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years of age or older
  • Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes for at least 24 months
  • Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes and have at least two HbA1cs of 7.5% or higher in 12 months prior to recruitment
  • Have MediCaid insurance at the time of their last hba1c test
  • Will be able to provide informed consent
  • Will be able to consent to research activities, including receiving a weekly produce box
  • Will be able to receive and prepare delivered foods

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant women
  • Living in a board and care where your meals are provided for you
  • Unable to provide informed consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Intervention- High Dose
Participation will last approximately 6 months. Participants enrolled in the high-dose intervention arm will receive a weekly produce delivery directly to their home in addition to the completion of 3 questionnaires and collection of the HbA1c at the end of study.
Other: Produce prescription (weekly produce delivery)
Participants will receive weekly produce deliveries and recipes sent directly to their homes for 6 months.
Active Comparator: Intervention-Low Dose
Participation will last approximately 6 months. Participants enrolled in the low-dose intervention arm will receive a weekly produce delivery directly to their home in addition to the completion of 3 questionnaires and collection of the HbA1c at the end of study. The amount of produce provided in this arm will be lower per month per household size than the high dose arm.
Other: Produce prescription (weekly produce delivery)
Participants will receive weekly produce deliveries and recipes sent directly to their homes for 6 months.
No Intervention: Usual Care
Participation will last approximately 6 months. Participants enrolled in the Usual Care arm will complete 3 questionnaires and collection of the HbA1c at the end of study.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in HbA1c between baseline and 6 months
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months after baseline assessment
Both intervention and control participants will have their HbA1c tested at baseline and 6 months after the baseline assessment.
Baseline and 6 months after baseline assessment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Analyze the difference in difference of patient-reported food security between the intervention and control group.
Time Frame: Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Calculated by the change in self-reported food security using the US Adult Food Security Short Form (a six-item self-administered patient survey to identify food-insecure households and households with very low food security). Scores range from 0 (high or marginal food security) to 6 (very low food security).
Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Analyze the difference in difference of patient-reported food-related self management between the intervention and control group.
Time Frame: Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Calculated by the change in self-reported food-related self management.
Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Analyze the difference in difference of patient-reported diet quality between the intervention and control group.
Time Frame: Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Calculated by the change in self-reported food security using an adapted Rapid Eating Assessment of Participants Short form survey (REAP-S), which is a tool used to help care providers quickly assess a participant's diet.
Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Analyze the difference in difference of patient-reported nutritional security between the intervention and control group.
Time Frame: Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months
Calculated by change in self-reported nutrition security.
Survey completed at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kaiser Permanente

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Claudia L Nau, PhD, Kaiser Permanente

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 11, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 30, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 8, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 2, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 7, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 20, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 12876

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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