Which Technique is More Effective for People With Hamstring Tightness in Terms of Balance, Flexibility, and Performance?

September 12, 2022 updated by: burak menek, Istanbul Medipol University Hospital

Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Graston, Percussion Massage Therapy, and Dynamic Stretching on Balance, Flexibility, and Performance Parameters in Individuals With Hamstring Tightness.

Percussion massage therapy has gained popularity in the therapeutic and athletic communities over the past few years. Percussion massage therapy devices are extremely convenient to use, both for self-administration and by a physiotherapist. Percussion massage therapy in deep and superficial tissues; is used in many areas such as reducing pain, increasing blood circulation, improving scar tissue, reducing lactate level and muscle spasms, increasing lymphatic flow, inhibiting Golgi reflex, increasing range of motion, and is frequently used today. Vibratory massage techniques have been shown in many studies to improve joint range of motion and muscular strength. It has been argued that there aren't enough studies on this topic in the literature. Specially tailored treatments are utilized in the clinic to reduce injury frequency, improve muscular performance, and increase the flexibility of musculotendinous components. Various stretching methods are used to increase muscle length. Athletes use stretching exercises to improve joint range of motion and long-term performance. Furthermore, it is incorporated in the warm-up period of athletes' training plans to prepare for an activity or to cool down after an applied exercise. Many studies using the dynamic stretching approach have found that dynamic stretching exercises performed before an activity or a sport have a positive effect on performance and flexibility parameters. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a treatment method used to reduce pain, improve joint range of motion, and mobilize soft tissue using specially designed stainless steel instruments based on the principles developed by James Cyriax. The removal of scar tissue is one of the most important goals of IASTM. Microvascular bleeding occurs with localized inflammation as a result of IASTM application, nutrient and oxygen flow is delivered, fibroblast migration increases and the healing process begins again. At the same time, secondary collagen synthesis begins and is rearranged, which allows the regeneration of the injured tissue. As a result, it treats scar tissue, adhesions, and adhesions in the fascia. IASTM is a very effective approach in fascia tissue and is widely used to offer a mobilizing stimulus in the treatment of myofascial problems.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

However, when the literature is reviewed, studies investigating the acute effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, percussion massage therapy, and dynamic stretching exercises on performance parameters and functionality are limited. Based on all this information, it was aimed to investigate the acute effects of percussion massage therapy, stretching exercises, and Graston soft tissue mobilization on jumping, running performance, balance, and functional reaching parameters.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
45

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey, 34820
        • Istanbul Medipol University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 25 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Those who are at a level to be able to perform a performance test
  2. With hamstring muscle tightness
  3. Those who have not undergone orthopedic surgery from any region
  4. Individuals who do not have a professional sports background

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Trauma history
  2. Anatomical deformities and skeletal system fractures
  3. Diagnosed orthopedic or rheumatological diseases
  4. Being included in a physiotherapy program in the last six months
  5. Individuals with pain in any part of the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: SINGLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: Percussion Massage Therapy Group
The group to which percussion massage therapy will be applied to the posterior leg muscles.
Device: Percussion Massage Therapy
Individuals in the percussion massage therapy group will get 3 minutes of percussion massage therapy on the hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles along the origo-insertion in the mid-frequency range.
EXPERIMENTAL: Graston (IASTM) Group
The group in which instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization will be applied to the posterior leg muscles.
Device: Graston
Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization will be used on the hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles along the 5-minute origo insertion line in the Graston group.
Other Names:
  • IASTM
EXPERIMENTAL: Dynamic Stretching Group
The group to which dynamic stretching exercises will be applied to the posterior leg muscles.
Other: Dynamic Stretching
Dynamic stretching exercises for the hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles will be performed in the dynamic stretching exercise group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sit and Reach Test
Time Frame: from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour
The sit and reach test is one of the linear flexibility tests that helps measure the flexibility of the hamstrings and lower back. It was first described by Wells and Dillon in 1952 and is probably the most widely used flexibility test. It has a simple procedure, is easy to administer, requires minimal skill training to perform, and costs the equipment required to perform the test. It is argued that the hamstrings and lower back should have a good level of flexibility, as they play an important role in health-related fitness. In a sitting position on the floor, the soles of the feet are placed on the sit-and-reach bench with the legs fully stretched. Without bending the legs, reach forward with the fingertips on the table and wait 2 seconds at the end point, and the score is recorded in centimeters.
from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour
Y Balance Test
Time Frame: from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour
Y Balance Test (YBT) is a functional test that requires strength, flexibility, neuromuscular control, balance, stability, and range of motion (ROM). As an integral part of Functional Movement Systems (FMS), YBT is a thoroughly researched test to test and simultaneously demonstrate an individual's functional symmetry of motor control. YDT gives us the function of each central extremity that is under the weight of a quarter of the body. Six application trials are conducted before the application of this test. The maximum reach analysis in each direction is then performed using three trials in three directions for each leg. Standing on one foot on the midfoot plate with the most distal aspect of the athletic shoe at the baseline, the person being examined stands. The subject is instructed to reach anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions with the free extremity relative to the stance foot while maintaining the single-leg stance, and the distance traveled is measured.
from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Horizontal Jump Test
Time Frame: from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour
On a flat surface, a starting line is drawn. From the starting line forward, a tape measure is set on the floor, and the athletes are instructed to stand with the tips of both toes pointed towards the back of the previously decided line. The distance jumped is measured in centimeters after the athletes are instructed to bend their knees while keeping their arms parallel to the floor and knees, and to jump as far forward as possible by swinging their arms and legs fast.
from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour
Illinois Test
Time Frame: from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour
A test track is set up with three cones lined up in a straight line at intervals of 5 meters(m) in width, 10m in length, and 3.3m in the middle part. The course consists of a 40m straight and a 20m slalom between cones, with 180º bends every 10 meters. Before the test, the subjects are allowed to make 3-4 attempts at low tempo after the introduction of the track and necessary explanations. After that, the subjects are made to do warm-up and stretching exercises for 5-6 minutes at a low tempo that they determine. The test subjects exit the starting line of the test track in a prone position, with their hands at shoulder level in touch with the ground. The time it takes to complete the track is measured in seconds. The test is done two times with full rest between each time, with the better value being recorded.
from pre-interventional time to post-interventional about 1st hour

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul Medipol University Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 13, 2022

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 20, 2022

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 12, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 6, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 6, 2022

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 9, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 13, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 12, 2022

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • E-10840098-772.02-2867

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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