Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) - Turkish Version

December 19, 2022 updated by: Gullu Aydın Yagcıoglu, Suleyman Demirel University
Individuals with foot-ankle problems (plantar fasciitis, metarsalgia, pes planus, pes planovalgus/varus) will be included in the study. Permission was obtained from the research group that developed the scale to use the Original Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6). Cross-cultural adaptation of the FPI-6 will be made in line with the guidelines published by Ruberto and Beaton. First of all, the FPI-6 will be translated into Turkish by two translators whose native language is Turkish and who can speak English at an advanced level. Translations will be compared and discussed, and a Turkish version will be obtained with the equivalents that best represent each item in the texts. Secondly, this retranslated text will be independently translated back into English by two native English translators. In the third stage, two texts written in English will be synthesized by the authors, thus reaching a consensus on a single translation. Finally, the inconsistent parts of the text will be checked by a multidisciplinary team consisting of two native English-speaking translators, members of the English language and literature department, authors who developed the scale, and physiotherapists. Two independent physiotherapists will evaluate the participants' foot posture indexes by FPI-6 for inter-rater reliability. In addition, patients' quality of life, foot functions, hindfoot profiles will be evaluated. For the calculation of validity between measurements, rater-1 will apply the FPI-6 again to the same participants after 15 days for intra-rater reliability. Patients' functional independence, activities of daily living, and quality of life will also be evaluated for criterion validity. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS, SF-36 and Foot Function Index questionnaires will be applied for the validity of FPI-6.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
45

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Isparta, Turkey, 32100
        • Güllü Aydın Yağcıoğlu

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years to 61 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

The study group will consist of individuals between the ages of 18-65 with foot problems.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • being between the ages of 18-65,
  • having foot-ankle problems (plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, pes planus, pes planovalgus/varus, hallux valgus, pes cavus, pain)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having undergone any lower extremity surgery in the last two years,
  • patients with congenital foot deformity and neurological problems,
  • Individuals with lower or upper extremity pathology or a cognitive problem that may prevent or limit the application of the test protocol

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)
Time Frame: 10 minutes
PI-6 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for pediatrics in which 6 items are scored separately for the right and left feet while the patient was in an upright position in a relaxed posture with their body-weight evenly distributed on the both feet. Each item is scored as -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 and the assessment categorized as follows: 0 to +5 normal; +6 to +9 pronated; 10+ higly pronated; -1 to -4 supianted; and -5 to -12 higly supinated.
10 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Foot Function Index
Time Frame: 10 minutes
Foot Function Index consists of 23 items with 3 subgroups as pain, disability and activity limitation. While the nine-item pain subscale measures the level of foot pain in various situations, the 9-item disability subscale determines the degree of difficulty in performing various functional activities depending on foot problems.
10 minutes
American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS
Time Frame: 10 minutes
American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS; This method, which evaluates the foot alignment and functional status of the participants, is the valid and reliable scoring system of the Turkish version developed by the American Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Society. The pain subscale is evaluated over a total of 40 points, the function subscale is evaluated over a total of 50 points, and the foot alignment subscale is evaluated over a total of 10 points. Higher scores indicate a better situation.
10 minutes
SF-36
Time Frame: 15 minutes
The SF-36 QoL test includes a total of 36 self-assessment questions that are classified into eight domains: physical functioning with ten questions, role-physical with four, bodily pain with two, general health with five, social functioning with two, role-emotional with three, mental health with five and vitality with four. The reference period for all of the questions was the last four weeks prior to the interview.
15 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Suleyman Demirel University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 20, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 20, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 29, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 11, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 11, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 13, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
December 21, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 19, 2022

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • FPI-6

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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