Pilates Exercises and Soccer: A Comparative Study of Mat vs. Reformer on FMS and ROM

May 21, 2024 updated by: Osman Yılmaz, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University
Pilates exercises have been used to improve core strength, trunk and shoulder strength, lower body strength, agility, dynamic balance, coordination skills, flexibility, and posture in various sports. A previous study demonstrated the beneficial impact of mat Pilates exercises on the functional performance of soccer players. However, more research is needed to understand the effects of Pilates on the FMS and ROM. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate and compare the influence of mat Pilates and reformer Pilates exercises on FMS and ROM in soccer players, addressing this critical research gap.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
30

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Osmaniye, Turkey, 80000
        • Osmaniye Korkut Ata University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age: Adults 19 to 20 years old
  • Gender: Male
  • Volunteering players

Exclusion Criteria:

- Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a specific medical condition

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Control
Experimental: Reformer Pilates
Before starting the exercises, a 5-minute warm-up session was performed. The reformer Pilates exercise program included movements such as the Footwork Series (Toes, Heels, Tendon Stretch, V Position), Supine Arm Series (Pull, Circle, Pull Head Up, Triceps Press), Short Box Series (Round, Flat Back, Twist), Short Box and Arm Series (Chest Fly, The Gift, Rhomboid, Biceps Curl, Rowing, Triceps), Long Box Series (Swan, Pulling Fly), Stomach Massage (Round, Twist), Knee Stretch (Round, Flat Back), Hip Work Series (Double Leg Press, Hamstring Pulls, Leg Circle, Frog), Elephant, and Side Stretch. Participants had two-minute rest intervals after the Supine Arm Series, Short Box, Arm Series, and Knee Stretch movements. Movements were performed with ten repetitions in the first four weeks and 12 repetitions in the following four weeks.
Other: Reformer pilates
Before starting the exercises, a 5-minute warm-up session was performed. The reformer Pilates exercise program included movements such as the Footwork Series (Toes, Heels, Tendon Stretch, V Position), Supine Arm Series (Pull, Circle, Pull Head Up, Triceps Press), Short Box Series (Round, Flat Back, Twist), Short Box and Arm Series (Chest Fly, The Gift, Rhomboid, Biceps Curl, Rowing, Triceps), Long Box Series (Swan, Pulling Fly), Stomach Massage (Round, Twist), Knee Stretch (Round, Flat Back), Hip Work Series (Double Leg Press, Hamstring Pulls, Leg Circle, Frog), Elephant, and Side Stretch. Participants had two-minute rest intervals after the Supine Arm Series, Short Box, Arm Series, and Knee Stretch movements. Movements were performed with ten repetitions in the first four weeks and 12 repetitions in the following four weeks. The participants underwent six weekly training sessions over eight weeks, comprising three Reformer Pilates sessions and three team training days.
Experimental: Mat Pilates
Before the exercises, a 5-minute warm-up session was performed. The mat Pilates exercise program included movements such as Rol Up, One Leg Circle, Double Leg Straight Lower, One Leg Stretch, Criss Cross, Toe Top, Shoulder Bridge, Seated Tracking, Spine Twist, Up-Down Side Kick, Front-Back Side Kick, Circle Side Kick, Flight, Swan, Rest Position, Swimming, Push Up, Long Stretch, Cat Cow, Mermaid Stretch. The participants had two-minute rest breaks after the toe-top, spine twist, and circle side-kick movements. Movements were performed with ten repetitions in the first four weeks and 12 repetitions in the following four weeks.
Other: Mat Pilates
Before the exercises, a 5-minute warm-up session was performed. The mat Pilates exercise program included movements such as Rol Up, One Leg Circle, Double Leg Straight Lower, One Leg Stretch, Criss Cross, Toe Top, Shoulder Bridge, Seated Tracking, Spine Twist, Up-Down Side Kick, Front-Back Side Kick, Circle Side Kick, Flight, Swan, Rest Position, Swimming, Push Up, Long Stretch, Cat Cow, Mermaid Stretch. The participants had two-minute rest breaks after the toe-top, spine twist, and circle side-kick movements. Movements were performed with ten repetitions in the first four weeks and 12 repetitions in the following four weeks. Movements were performed with ten repetitions in the first four weeks and 12 repetitions in the following four weeks. The participants underwent six weekly training sessions over eight weeks, comprising three Mat Pilates sessions and three team training days.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Functional Movement Screening and range of motion tests
Time Frame: One week
Thirty voluntary participants were randomly assigned to either RP (n=10; mean age = 20.60 ± 1.65), MP (n=10; mean age = 19.40 ± 1.35), or CG (n=10; mean age = 20.10 ± 1.15). The Functional Movement Screening Test Kit was used in this study. It consists of seven movements: Deep Squat, Hurdle Step, In-Line Lunge, Shoulder Mobility, Active Straight Leg Raise, Trunk Stability Push-Up, and Rotary Stability. Each test was scored on a scale ranging from 0 to 3, with the highest possible score being 21 . Based on previous research, participants with a total FMS score lower than 14 were considered to have a higher risk of injury.
One week
Range of motion tests
Time Frame: One week
Thirty voluntary participants were randomly assigned to either RP (n=10; mean age = 20.60 ± 1.65), MP (n=10; mean age = 19.40 ± 1.35), or CG (n=10; mean age = 20.10 ± 1.15). Joint range of motion measurements were made to evaluate the joint range of motion of the athletes. Tests were conducted: shoulder hyperextension, hip flexion, hip extension, hip abduction, hip internal rotation, hip external rotation, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion. Joint range of motion measurement was performed with a goniometer.Measurements were recorded in centimeters (cm).
One week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Osmaniye Korkut Ata University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 11, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 30, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 15, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 21, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 29, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 29, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 21, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • OsmaniyeKAU Osman Yılmaz

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings