The Effect of Watching Video and Blowing Paper Pinwheels in Children

November 18, 2024 updated by: HuiMing Hou, Taichung Veterans General Hospital

The Effect of Watching Video and Blowing Paper Pinwheels on Pain and Fear in Children Undergoing Venipuncture.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate if watching videos and blowing paper pinwheels can reduce pain and fear in children undergoing venipuncture. The participant population includes hospitalized children aged 3-6 years old undergoing venipuncture for the first time.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  1. Does watching videos reduce pain and fear during venipuncture in children?
  2. Does blowing paper pinwheels reduce pain and fear during venipuncture in children?

Researchers will compare a group watching videos and a group blowing paper pinwheels to a control group receiving standard care to see if these interventions reduce pain and fear.

Participants will:

  • Watch their preferred cartoons on an iPad during the venipuncture process.
  • Blow paper pinwheels to distract themselves during the venipuncture process.
  • Be accompanied by a family member who will help in holding the child and providing comfort.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The goal of this clinical trial is to explore the effectiveness of watching videos and blowing paper pinwheels in reducing pain and fear in children undergoing venipuncture in children aged 3-6 years hospitalized for the first time and undergoing intravenous infusion or blood draw. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does watching videos reduce the pain experienced by children during venipuncture?
  • Does blowing paper pinwheels reduce the fear experienced by children during venipuncture?

If there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare the group of children watching videos and the group of children blowing paper pinwheels to the control group receiving standard care to see if these interventions are effective in reducing pain and fear during venipuncture.

Participants will:

  • Be children aged 3-6 years hospitalized for the first time and undergoing intravenous infusion or blood draw.
  • Have no chronic diseases, developmental delays, or epilepsy.
  • Have no difficulty speaking, auditory or visual impairments, and have not used sedatives within 6 hours prior to the procedure.

Interventions:

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups:

  1. Video Watching Group:

    • Children will choose their preferred cartoon videos.
    • They will watch the video on an iPad for 1 minute before and during venipuncture.
    • Parents will assist in stabilizing the child and providing comfort during the procedure.

  2. Paper Pinwheel Blowing Group:

    • Children will select a paper pinwheel of their choice.
    • They will practice blowing the pinwheel for 1 minute before the procedure.
    • During venipuncture, they will blow the pinwheel with parental assistance for stabilization and comfort.

  3. Control Group:

    • Children will receive standard care with parental presence but no additional interventions during venipuncture.
    • After the procedure, children will be allowed to play a "pinprick" game and choose a small toy as a reward.

Outcome Measures

The effectiveness of the interventions will be measured using the following tools

  1. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS):

    • Used to assess children's self-reported pain levels before and after venipuncture.
    • Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain.

  2. Parental State Anxiety Scale:

    • A Chinese version of the state anxiety scale will be used to measure parents' anxiety levels.
    • Scores range from 1 to 4 for each item, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.

  3. Parental Satisfaction Scale:

    • A 0-10 scale will be used to measure parents' satisfaction with the venipuncture process.

  4. The Children's Fear Scale:

    • Used to assess children's fear levels before and after venipuncture.
    • Scores range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater fear.

  5. FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Pain Assessment Scale:

    • Used to assess pain in non-verbal children based on facial expressions, leg movements, activity, cry, and consolability.
    • Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain.

Study Design

This study will be conducted at the 66th Ward of Taichung Veterans General Hospital. After obtaining informed consent from parents and assent from children, participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups using a random number generator. The nurse performing the venipuncture will be blinded to the group assignment. Data will be collected by research personnel not involved in the data collection process.

Statistical Analysis

Descriptive statistics will include frequencies, means, and standard deviations. Inferential statistics will be conducted using ANOVA to determine the significance of the differences between groups.

Expected Outcomes

The study expects that children in the intervention groups (video watching and paper pinwheel blowing) will have lower pain and fear scores, and their parents will have lower anxiety scores and higher satisfaction compared to the control group. This research aims to improve the quality of care for hospitalized children undergoing venipuncture.

Handling of Adverse Reactions

If participants experience dizziness or discomfort during the intervention, the procedure will be stopped immediately, and necessary assistance will be provided.

Funding and Compensation

The study is funded by the Taichung Veterans General Hospital internal research project (project number: TCVGH-1137404B). Any adverse reactions caused by the study will be covered by the hospital, excluding anticipated side effects listed in the informed consent form.

Conflict of Interest There are no potential conflicts of interest associated with this study.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
93

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Taiwan
      • Taichung, Taiwan, 407219
        • Recruiting
        • Taichung Veterans' General Hospital
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • aged 3-6 years.
  • undergoing intravenous infusion or blood draw during the hospital stay.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • chronic diseases.
  • developmental delays or epilepsy.
  • difficulty speaking.
  • hearing or visual impairments.
  • use sedatives within the past 6 hours.
  • history of fainting during intravenous infusion or blood draw.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Video-watching group
Participants will watch age-appropriate and engaging videos during the venipuncture procedure to distract them from pain and fear.
Behavioral: Video-watching
Participants will watch age-appropriate and engaging videos.
Experimental: Blowing Pinwheels
Participants will blow pinwheels during the venipuncture procedure, using breathing control and distraction to reduce pain and fear.
Behavioral: Blowing Pinwheels
Participants will blow pinwheels during the venipuncture procedure
No Intervention: routine care group
Participants will receive standard routine care during the venipuncture procedure without additional interventions, serving as the control group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) for Children's Self-Reported Pain
Time Frame: Assessed immediately before and after the venipuncture.
The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFPS) is used to measure children's self-reported pain levels. It consists of a series of facial expressions ranging from a smiling face (0) indicating "no pain" to a crying face (10) indicating "worst pain." The child points to the face that best describes their pain.
Assessed immediately before and after the venipuncture.
FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Behavioral Pain Assessment Scale
Time Frame: Assessed immediately before and after the venipuncture procedure.
The FLACC scale is used to measure pain in children by evaluating five criteria: Face (facial expressions), Legs (movement and positioning), Activity (overall movement and muscle tone), Cry (verbal expressions of pain), and Consolability (the child's ability to be comforted). Each criterion is scored from 0 to 2, with a total score ranging from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater pain severity.
Assessed immediately before and after the venipuncture procedure.
Children's Fear Scale (CFS)
Time Frame: Assessed immediately before and after the venipuncture procedure.
The Children's Fear Scale (CFS) is used to evaluate the level of fear experienced by children during venipuncture. The scale consists of five facial expressions ranging from a neutral face (0) indicating "no fear" to a very frightened face (4) indicating "high fear." The nurse observes the child's facial expressions and assigns a score based on the child's appearance and behavior during the procedure.
Assessed immediately before and after the venipuncture procedure.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Parental State Anxiety Scale (PSAS)
Time Frame: Assessed immediately after the child's venipuncture procedure.
The Parental State Anxiety Scale (PSAS) measures the anxiety levels of parents during their child's venipuncture procedure. The scale consists of 20 items, with each item rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The total score ranges from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater levels of anxiety. The scale assesses the parents' feelings of tension, nervousness, and worry in the specific context of their child's medical procedure.
Assessed immediately after the child's venipuncture procedure.
Satisfaction of parents
Time Frame: Assessed immediately after the child's venipuncture procedure.
A 0-10 scale is used to measure family members' satisfaction with the venipuncture process. After the venipuncture procedure, family members fill out this scale, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction.
Assessed immediately after the child's venipuncture procedure.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Taichung Veterans General Hospital

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Hui-Ming Hou, MD, Taichung Veterans' General Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 18, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 16, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 5, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 28, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 21, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 18, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CF24157B

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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