Laser Treatment with Methylene Blue Vs. Nanoparticle-Assisted Photodynamic Therapy for Gingival Pigmentation: a Randomized Clinical Trial (MB-Laser-GP)

February 13, 2025 updated by: Roaa Hadi Hussein Jasem

Comparative Evaluation of Methylene Blue and Methylene Blue Nanoparticles Assisted Photodynamic Therapy As Adjunctive to Laser Treatment of Physiological Gingival Pigmentation: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to compare the effectiveness of methylene blue and methylene blue nanoparticles as adjuncts to photodynamic therapy in laser treatment of physiological gingival pigmentation. The study evaluates pigmentation reduction, recurrence rates, healing time, and patient satisfaction. Conducted at Kafrelsheikh University, it includes three patient groups: laser-only treatment, conventional methylene blue-assisted PDT with laser, and methylene blue nanoparticles-assisted PDT with laser. The findings will contribute to advancements in aesthetic dentistry and laser-assisted depigmentation techniques.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
45

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
    • kafr ash Shaikh/ elhamrawy
      • Kafr ash Shaykh, kafr ash Shaikh/ elhamrawy, Egypt, 33511
        • Kafrelsheikh University, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients with physiological gingival pigmentation confirmed by clinical examination.

Age range: 18-50 years.

Patients with no history of systemic diseases or conditions that could affect wound healing (e.g., diabetes, autoimmune diseases).

Patients willing to undergo laser treatment and provide informed consent.

Non-smokers or individuals who have stopped smoking for at least six months.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with pathological gingival pigmentation (e.g., associated with syndromes or systemic conditions).

Use of medications affecting pigmentation or healing (e.g., anticoagulants, immunosuppressants).

Pregnant or lactating women or those taking contraceptive drugs.

Individuals with known allergies to methylene blue or nanoparticles.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: Arm 1 (Control Group) Laser-Only Treatment
Patients in this group will undergo laser-assisted gingival depigmentation using a diode laser (970 nm wavelength, 2.0 W power, continuous mode) with a 200 µm fiber tip applied for 30 seconds per site in contact mode.
Procedure: Laser-Assisted Gingival Depigmentation
This intervention involves the use of a diode laser (970 nm wavelength, 2.0 W power, continuous mode) with a 200 µm fiber tip. The laser is applied in a sweeping motion over the pigmented gingiva in contact mode for 30 seconds per site to achieve depigmentation.
Experimental: Arm 2 (Experimental Group 1) PDT with Conventional Methylene Blue + Laser
This group will receive photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a conventional methylene blue solution (0.1%), applied for 2 minutes before activation with a 660 nm diode laser (1.5 W, pulsed mode, 60 seconds per site). This will be followed by laser-assisted gingival depigmentation using a diode laser (970 nm wavelength, 2.0 W power, continuous mode, 200 µm fiber tip, 30 seconds per site).
Drug: Photodynamic Therapy with Conventional Methylene Blue
This intervention consists of applying a 0.1% methylene blue solution to the pigmented gingiva for 2 minutes before activation with a diode laser (660 nm wavelength, 1.5 W power, pulsed mode) for 60 seconds per site. This is followed by laser-assisted gingival depigmentation using a 970 nm diode laser (2.0 W, continuous mode, 200 µm fiber tip, 30 seconds per site).
Active Comparator: Arm 3 (Experimental Group 2) PDT with Methylene Blue Nanoparticles + Laser
Patients in this group will receive PDT with methylene blue nanoparticles (0.1%) applied for 2 minutes before activation with a 660 nm diode laser (1.5 W, pulsed mode, 60 seconds per site). This will be followed by laser-assisted gingival depigmentation using a diode laser (970 nm wavelength, 2.0 W power, continuous mode, 200 µm fiber tip, 30 seconds per site).
Drug: Photodynamic Therapy with Methylene Blue Nanoparticles
This intervention involves the application of 0.1% methylene blue nanoparticles to the pigmented gingiva for 2 minutes to allow deeper tissue penetration. It is then activated using a diode laser (660 nm wavelength, 1.5 W power, pulsed mode) for 60 seconds per site, followed by laser-assisted gingival depigmentation using a 970 nm diode laser (2.0 W, continuous mode, 200 µm fiber tip, 30 seconds per site).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Reduction in Gingival Pigmentation
Time Frame: Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months, and 6 Months Post-Treatment

The primary outcome will be assessed by evaluating changes in gingival pigmentation using clinical photographs and a standardized pigmentation index. Digital images of the treated gingival areas will be analyzed for pigmentation intensity reduction using imaging software. The pigmentation index scores range from:

Score 0: Absence of pigmentation

Score 1: Spots of brown to black color

Score 2: Brown to black patches without diffuse pigmentation

Score 3: Diffuse brown to black pigmentation
Baseline, 1 Month, 3 Months, and 6 Months Post-Treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Healing Time
Time Frame: 1 Month Post-Treatment
The duration required for complete epithelialization of the treated gingival area will be recorded. Visual inspection at follow-up visits will determine the time until there is no visible inflammation, erythema, or delayed healing.
1 Month Post-Treatment
Patient Satisfaction
Time Frame: 1 Month, 3 Months, and 6 Months Post-Treatment
Patient satisfaction will be assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire. Patients will rate their satisfaction with the treatment, including aesthetic improvement, comfort during the procedure, and overall experience on a scale from 0 (completely dissatisfied) to 10 (completely satisfied).
1 Month, 3 Months, and 6 Months Post-Treatment
Recurrence of Gingival Pigmentation
Time Frame: 3 Months and 6 Months Post-Treatment
The degree of gingival pigmentation recurrence will be evaluated using clinical and photographic records. Re-pigmentation percentage will be calculated and documented at each follow-up visit.
3 Months and 6 Months Post-Treatment
Adverse Events
Time Frame: Throughout the study duration (up to 6 Months Post-Treatment)
Any adverse effects such as persistent erythema, ulceration, or patient-reported pain post-treatment will be documented. A scoring system will be used to assess the severity of these events (e.g., mild, moderate, severe).
Throughout the study duration (up to 6 Months Post-Treatment)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Roaa Hadi Hussein Jasem

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 15, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 14, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 13, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 13, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 13, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Kfsirb200-489

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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