An AI-Generated, Personalized Question Prompt List Intervention for Patients With Hematologic Cancers

May 28, 2026 updated by: Washington University School of Medicine

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of GPT-QPL: An AI-Generated, Personalized Question Prompt List Intervention for Patients With Hematologic Cancers

The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-generated personalized question prompt list (a list of suggested questions to ask during outpatient appointments) for patients with hematologic cancers. The intervention will involve tailoring a standardized prompt to patients' individual characteristics and concerns. This prompt will then be used to ask Washington University's (WashU) HIPAA compliant ChatGPT to generate personalized question lists for outpatient appointments. Analyses will assess the impact of personalized QPLs on patients' question-asking behavior; communicative self-efficacy; and self-reported amount and satisfaction with information obtained about their disease and its treatment. Sub-analyses will explore patterns in questions generated by WashU ChatGPT. Patients will also provide feedback pertaining to the perceived helpfulness and ease-of-use of WashU-ChatGPT-generated question lists, as well as their attitudes and intentions regarding use of AI chatbots and whether they would engage in pre-appointment AI-assisted question brainstorming independently in the future.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Missouri
      • St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
        • Recruiting
        • Washington University School of Medicine
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Jessica Hahne, MA, MPH
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Brian D Carpenter, Ph.D.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Eligibility Criteria as determined by Electronic Health Record (EHR) Screening:

  • Documented diagnosis of lymphoma, as defined by ICD-10 codes C81-C88 or multiple myeloma, as defined by ICD codes C90.0-C90.02

  • Has a scheduled follow-up appointment at a participating outpatient oncology clinic within the next month. Participating clinics include:

    • Dr. David Russler-Germain: Outpatient Lymphoma Clinic
    • Dr. Michael Slade: Outpatient Multiple Myeloma Clinic
    • Dr. Dilan Patel: Outpatient Lymphoma Clinic

  • Undergoing infusion or injection-based systemic therapy intended to cure or manage the disease, as opposed to regimens delivered solely for palliative purposes, at a frequency of once every 1-4 weeks.

    • For eligible patients with lymphoma, this includes, but is not limited to, commonly prescribed treatment combinations such as R-CHOP (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin/Hydroxydaunorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone) for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or ABVD (Adriamycin/Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine) for Hodgkin Lymphoma-both regimens that are frequently administered every three weeks
    • For patients with multiple myeloma, eligibility will include patients in the "induction" phase of chemotherapy treatment, which frequently requires patients to come in for outpatient appointments once every four weeks as well as patients in a maintenance phase of treatment that otherwise requires them to attend outpatient appointments at a frequency of every one to four weeks
  • Between the ages of 18-99 at enrollment (Patients older than 99 will be excluded so that the study team is able to elicit questions from WashU ChatGPT using a standardized prompt that describes the patient's age only as specifically as a 10-year decade range (i.e., "I am a patient in my 20's, 30's, 40's, etc. Patients who are 18 or 19 years old will be described in the following manner: "I am a young adult patient in my late teens").
  • Able to consent to medical care independently (does not have a legally authorized representative or documented diagnosis of cognitive impairment)

Eligibility Criteria as determined by subsequent recruitment phone call or In-person approach after a clinic appointment:

  • Does not have visual impairments or English literacy limitations that would interfere with ability to engage in an intervention that requires being able to read material on an electronic device and on paper and communicate aloud during appointments with health care providers, based on patient self-report
  • Able to use email (consent form will be distributed electronically through DocuSign and associated emails), based on successful completion of electronic informed consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: GPT-QPL: An AI-Generated, Personalized Question Prompt List
Participants will complete surveys at appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and after being provided the AI-Generated, Personalized Question Prompt List at appointment 2 (post-intervention).
Other: GPT-QPL
A research team member will generate a QPL that is personalized to the patient's demographics (from EHR screening and Baseline Demographic Survey) and concerns (from Distress Thermometer Problem Checklist and Interview).
Other Names:
  • AI-Generated, Personalized Question Prompt List

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in communicative self-efficacy
Time Frame: Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
  • Communicative self-efficacy is measured by Self-efficacy survey .
  • Dependent samples t-tests will be used to assess within-subject changes.
  • The Self-Efficacy survey consists of two scales containing 10 questions each, with answers ranging from 1=not successful to 5=very successful or 1=not confident to 5=very confident. The total score on each scale ranges from 10-50 with a higher score on Scale 1 (the PEPPI-5) representing higher self-efficacy related to communicating with physicians in general and a higher score on Scale 2 (researcher-designed questions based on Social Cognitive Theory) representing higher self-perceived success at communication with the physician during the immediately preceding appointment.
Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in perceived amount of cancer information received as measured by an abbreviated version the EORTC QLQ - INFO25
Time Frame: Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
  • Dependent samples t-tests will be used to assess within-subject changes.
  • The abbreviated version of the EORTC QLQ-INFO 25 being used for this outcome consists of three scales containing a total of 13 questions ranging from 1=not at all to 4=very much. Raw scores are converted using linear transformations. The total score range for each scale is 0-100. A higher score on Scale 1 represents a higher perceived degree of information received about cancer diagnosis, a higher score on Scale 2 represents a higher perceived degree of information received about medical tests, and a higher score on Scale 3 represents a higher perceived degree of information received about cancer treatment.
Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
Changes in satisfaction with cancer information received as measured by the EORTC QLQ - INFO25
Time Frame: Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
  • Dependent samples t-tests will be used to assess within-subject changes.
  • An additional single item scale from the EORTC QLQ - INFO 25 will be used to measure satisfaction with cancer information received. The answer ranges from 1=not at all to 4=very much. The raw score is converted using the same linear transformation as other EORTC QLQ-INFO 25 scales. The total score range is 0-100, and a higher score represents higher satisfaction with cancer information received.
Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
Changes in the number of questions asked during appointments
Time Frame: Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
  • Number of questions asked is measured by audio recordings of the clinic appointments.
  • Dependent samples t-tests will be used to assess within-subject changes.
Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
Changes in self-reported degree of intention to use AI chatbots for healthcare tasks
Time Frame: Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)
  • Self-reported degree of intention is measured by one-item AI Chatbot Use survey consisting of a 7-point Likert Scale question asking how frequently participants intend to use AI chatbots for healthcare tasks within the next month. The answer ranges from 1=Never to 7=Several times a day. The total score range is 1-7, and a higher score represents more frequent intended use of AI chatbots for healthcare tasks.
  • Dependent samples t-tests will be used to assess within-subject changes.
Appointment 1 (pre-intervention) and appointment 2 (post-intervention) (estimated to be 12 weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Washington University School of Medicine

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Jessica Hahne, MA, MPH, Washington University School of Medicine

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 26, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 7, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 7, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 12, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 28, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 202509134

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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