Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthetic Requirements and Hemodynamic Parameters

February 16, 2026 updated by: mediha turktan, Cukurova University

Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthetic Requirements and Hemodynamic Parameters in Thoracic Surgery Patients

Music therapy has been reported to reduce analgesic and anesthetic requirements, but evidence in thoracic surgery remains limited. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effects of different music types on hemodynamic stability and anesthetic consumption in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

After institutional ethics approval and written informed consent, 159 adult patients (ASA I-III) scheduled for elective thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Patients were randomized by sealed-envelope method into three groups: Group T (Sufi music), Group B (Classical Western music), and Group C (control, no music). Music was delivered via over-ear headphones from induction until the end of surgery. Sedation was evaluated using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS), and pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Hemodynamic variables, anesthetic agent consumption, and postoperative recovery parameters were recorded.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
159

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Adana
      • Adana, Adana, Turkey (Türkiye), 01380
        • Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine Anesthesiology Department

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

All patients who will undergo thoracic surgery under general anesthesia and meet the criteria of being over 18 years of age

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 and over,
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-III,
  • No hearing acuity,
  • Volunteer to participate in the study,
  • Cooperative and oriented,
  • No history of psychiatric illness and/or psychiatric medication use,

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who were under 18 years,
  • ASA classification >III,
  • had hearing loss,
  • had a psychiatric diagnosis and/or were taking antipsychotic/antidepressant/mood stabilizer medications,
  • were uncooperative (dementia, mental retardation, etc.),
  • Major complications during the intraoperative or postoperative period, (respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, serious arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, etc.)
  • Emergency surgery,
  • had a history of alcohol or drug abuse,
  • did not speak Turkish,
  • did not consent to participate in the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Group 1: Sufi music group
In the sufi music group, sufi music was played through over-ear headphones; the volume was adjusted based on patient comfort and confirmed with the patient. Music playback was initiated alongside routine monitoring and continued throughout the surgery, ending when the patient was transferred to the stretcher after extubation.
Other: music therapy during surgery
In the music groups, music was played through over-ear headphones; the volume was adjusted based on patient comfort and confirmed with the patient. Music playback was initiated alongside routine monitoring and continued throughout the surgery, ending when the patient was transferred to the stretcher after extubation. For infection control purposes, headphone sponges were changed for each patient.
Group 2: Classical Western music group
In the classical Western music group, music was played through over-ear headphones; the volume was adjusted based on patient comfort and confirmed with the patient. Music playback was initiated alongside routine monitoring and continued throughout the surgery, ending when the patient was transferred to the stretcher after extubation.
Other: music therapy during surgery
In the music groups, music was played through over-ear headphones; the volume was adjusted based on patient comfort and confirmed with the patient. Music playback was initiated alongside routine monitoring and continued throughout the surgery, ending when the patient was transferred to the stretcher after extubation. For infection control purposes, headphone sponges were changed for each patient.
Group 3: no music group
In the no music group, the patient was not allowed to listen to any type of music during surgery.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
anesthetic consumption
Time Frame: during surgery
desfluran consumption during surgery (mL)
during surgery
anesthetic consumption
Time Frame: during induction of anesthesia
Induction propofol dose (mg)
during induction of anesthesia

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
hemodynamic parameters
Time Frame: during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
hemodynamic parameters
Time Frame: during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
hemodynamic parameters
Time Frame: during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
hemodynamic parameters
Time Frame: during surgery, 48 hour after surgery
heart rate (beats/min)
during surgery, 48 hour after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Cukurova University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Mediha Turktan, M.D., Cukurova University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 15, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 29, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 7, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 16, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • music01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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