TENS With Proprioceptive-Visual Training on Gait Parameters in CP

January 7, 2026 updated by: Mostafa S Ali, Cairo University

TENS With Proprioceptive-Visual Training on Gait Parameters in Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TENS with proprioceptive - visual training on gait parameters in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Two groups of thirty diplegic CP children, ages 4 to 6, were randomly assigned to receive proprioceptive-visual training as the control group and TENS with proprioceptive - visual training as the research group. For eight weeks, both groups received therapy three times a week. Prior to and during the intervention period, each participant had an evaluation by gait analysis.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
30

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
      • Giza, Egypt, 11432
        • Cairo University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diplegic CP children who were between the ages of 4 and 6 years
  • spasticity grades were 1 and 1+ according to modified Ashworth Scale
  • gross motor function classification system at level II and III

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children who have visual impairments, hearing damage
  • received Botulinum Toxin injections or oral antispasticity medications within the past 6 months
  • fixed deformities at lower limbs
  • inability to understand the task

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Placebo Comparator: control group
receive proprioceptive-visual training
Device: 1. Tekscan Walkway system
It includes sensors (4 sensels/cm2) with a resolution of up to 185 Hz, a digital mat (195.5 cm long by 44.2 cm wide) placed in a wooden pathway, and a pressure sensor (1 to 862 kPa). The plasma screen faces the walkway and is 1.5 meters high and 7 meters away. It displays pictures that are mirrored from seven pressure points (forming the contour of the foot). if the foot's heel, midfoot, forefoot, fifth metatarsal, third-fourth, second, and first metatarsals are the seven areas of pressure. Data such as maximum peak pressure (kPa), stance time (s), cadence, gait time (s), distance (cm), velocity (cm/s), and transmission hardware (cable and sensor-interface or so-called handle) will be extrapolated using a computer running The Tekscan Software (version 7).
Experimental: study group
TENS with proprioceptive - visual training
Device: 1. Tekscan Walkway system
It includes sensors (4 sensels/cm2) with a resolution of up to 185 Hz, a digital mat (195.5 cm long by 44.2 cm wide) placed in a wooden pathway, and a pressure sensor (1 to 862 kPa). The plasma screen faces the walkway and is 1.5 meters high and 7 meters away. It displays pictures that are mirrored from seven pressure points (forming the contour of the foot). if the foot's heel, midfoot, forefoot, fifth metatarsal, third-fourth, second, and first metatarsals are the seven areas of pressure. Data such as maximum peak pressure (kPa), stance time (s), cadence, gait time (s), distance (cm), velocity (cm/s), and transmission hardware (cable and sensor-interface or so-called handle) will be extrapolated using a computer running The Tekscan Software (version 7).
Device: TENS
Electrical stimulation will be delivered by means of self-adherent surface electrodes (Encore plus), using a programmable electrical stimulator, providing monophasic rectangular pulse trains. Electrodes were attached over the belly of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles. The quadriceps and the dorsiflexors were selected due to their dominance in establishing a normal and efficient gait. TENS was applied for 20 minutes during gait training. The parameters selected for the electrical stimulation will be as follows: frequency 20Hz, pulse-width 0.25 msec, and intensity will be individually adjusted for each subject

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
cadence
Time Frame: 8 weeks
investigators measure cadence
8 weeks
step length and width
Time Frame: 8 weeks
investigators measure step length, width
8 weeks
gait velocity
Time Frame: 8 weeks
investigators measure gait velocity
8 weeks
gait time
Time Frame: 8 weeks
investigators measure gait time
8 weeks
foot angle
Time Frame: 8 weeks
investigators measure foot angle
8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Cairo University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: mostafa ali, professor, associate professor for pediatrics

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 10, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 20, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 19, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 7, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 14, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 14, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 7, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • P.T.REC/012/006102

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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