Investigation of Motor Imagery Ability in Relation to Body Awareness and Joint Position Sense in Healthy Subjects (MI-BA-JPS)

February 25, 2026 updated by: Rabia KUM GULER, Istanbul Arel University

Motor imagery (MI) is a dynamic mental state in which representations of a specific motor movement are rehearsed in working memory without any movement manifestation. It is practiced in physiotherapy clinics to improve motor performance and learn motor tasks. Since the efficiency of the practice depends on the quality of imagery, it is necessary to assess imagery ability before performing an imagery experiment or participating in an imagery training program.

Body awareness is used as a general concept for body management, body experience and body use. It contains information about the parts of the body and includes position perception, movement sense and the conditions required for movements, mental elements (cognitive thought processes). Joint position sense, which has an important role in postural control, is defined as being aware of the position and movement of the joint in space by the central nervous system. Although it has been shown that there are factors related to the central nervous system such as cognitive level that affect motor imagery ability, there are no studies showing the relationship between body awareness and joint position sense, in which central nervous and sensory systems work in integration, and motor imagery ability. In this study, motor imagery ability will be evaluated in healthy subjects and its relationship with body awareness and joint position sense will be investigated.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
37

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Zeytinburnu
      • Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, Turkey (Türkiye), 34015
        • Arel University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of healthy adult individuals aged between 18 and 35 years who had no history of neurological, orthopedic, or sensory disorders that could affect motor imagery ability, body awareness, or joint position sense. Participants were volunteers recruited from university students and staff.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Volunteering to participate in the study
  2. Aged between 20-40 years old
  3. Having a Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination score higher than 24 points.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Having any musculoskeletal system disease
  2. Having any chronic disease
  3. Having a history of physical trauma
  4. Cognitive impairment
  5. Having a neurological problem
  6. Using analgecis for a long time
  7. Having a complaint of pain during the evaluation
  8. Using sedatives and/or antidepressants

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Only assessment research
Other: Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)
This is a scale.
Other: Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2)
This is a scale.
Other: The Recognise™
This outcomes is mobile application. We used by assesment brain lateralisation skills.
Other: Body Awareness Questionnaire
This is a scale.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Motor Imagery Ability Assessed by the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Explicit motor imagery ability will be assessed using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3). The MIQ-3 evaluates individuals' ability to imagine movements from visual and kinesthetic perspectives using self-reported ratings. The total MIQ-3 score will be used for analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Body Awareness Assessed by the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Body awareness will be assessed using the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), a self-report instrument designed to evaluate individuals' awareness of bodily processes, postural changes, and internal bodily sensations. The total BAQ score will be calculated and used for statistical analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Motor Imagery Ability Assessed by the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Explicit motor imagery vividness will be assessed using the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2). The VMIQ-2 measures the vividness of visual and kinesthetic motor imagery through self-reported responses. Subscale and total scores will be used for statistical analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Implicit Motor Imagery Assessed by the Hand Laterality Judgment Task (Recognise™)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Implicit motor imagery ability will be assessed using the Hand Laterality Judgment Task implemented via the Recognise™ mobile application. Participants will be asked to identify whether displayed hand images represent the left or right hand. Response time and accuracy will be recorded and used for analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul Arel University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Bahçeşehir University
Kırklareli University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 12, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 29, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 29, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 12, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 25, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 3, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 25, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ArelETK-2023/08

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

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