The Effect of Neonatal Care Education Given to Primiparous Mothers in the Last Trimester on Mothers' Self-Efficacy Perception, Prenatal and Maternal Bonding in the Early Postpartum Period

April 16, 2026 updated by: YAĞMUR KOTANCI, Kafkas University
This study was conducted using a pre-test-post-test randomized controlled experimental design to investigate the effects of neonatal care education given to primiparous mothers in the last trimester on their self-efficacy perception, prenatal and maternal bonding in the early postpartum period. The study population consisted of pregnant women in the last trimester who applied to the Antenatal School of Kars Harakani State Hospital between November 2024 and November 2026. The study sample consisted of a total of 76 pregnant women, divided into an intervention group (n: 38) and a control group (n: 38). Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "General Self-Efficacy Scale", "Prenatal Attachment Inventory", and "Maternal Attachment Scale". The intervention group received training on newborn care. In the first phase of the study, a pre-test was administered to both the intervention and control groups. Following the pre-test, Newborn Care Training was conducted face-to-face with pregnant women in the experimental group in two 20-minute sessions, totaling 40 minutes, after which the pregnant women were given an educational booklet. After this training session, reinforcement training was conducted twice by telephone at one-week intervals, and their questions were answered. After the pre-test, at 36 weeks of gestation, both the intervention and control groups were contacted by telephone and the "General Self-Efficacy Scale" and "Prenatal Attachment Inventory" were administered as post-tests. Six weeks after delivery, the maternal attachment scale was administered to both the intervention and control groups.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
2

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Kars, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 36100
        • Kafkas Üniversitesi

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Being over 18 and under 35 years of age, Being in the last trimester of pregnancy (28-32 weeks of gestation) Having no communication barriers and being literate Single pregnancy Spontaneous conception Having applied to the Kars Harakani State Hospital Pregnancy School Agreeing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

Chronic illness, High-risk pregnancy, Having a psychological disorder, Having applied to a Pregnancy School other than Harakani State Hospital.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Intervention Group Intervention Type: Behavioral Name: Newborn Care Education Group
Primiparous women in their third trimester assigned to the intervention group will receive a structured newborn care education program in addition to completing the study questionnaires.
Behavioral: Newborn Care Education

The newborn care education program includes information on breastfeeding, infant hygiene, umbilical cord care, infant safety, and basic newborn care practices. The education is provided during the third trimester of pregnancy. Allocation / Randomization Allocation: Randomized Randomization Description: Participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group using a computer-generated randomization sequence with a 1:1 allocation ratio.

Masking (Blinding) Masking: None (Open Label) Masking Description (opsiyonel): This is an open-label study. Participants and investigators are aware of group assignment.
No Intervention: Control Group
Primiparous women assigned to the control group will receive routine prenatal care and will complete the study questionnaires only.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
General Self-Efficacy
Time Frame: (between 24 and 41 weeks of pregnancy)
Changes in maternal self-efficacy levels measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale during the early postpartum period.
(between 24 and 41 weeks of pregnancy)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Prenatal Attachment
Time Frame: (between 24 and 41 weeks of pregnancy)
Changes in prenatal attachment levels measured using the Prenatal Attachment Inventory.
(between 24 and 41 weeks of pregnancy)
Maternal Attachment
Time Frame: 6th week after birth
Maternal attachment levels measured using the Maternal Attachment Scale during the early postpartum period.
6th week after birth

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kafkas University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 2, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 16, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 23, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 23, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 16, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • KAÜ-YMRKTNCİ

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

The privacy of personal data is respected in this study. Voluntary informed consent forms are obtained from participants. Therefore, the researcher does not share the participants' information.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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