Effects of a Digital AI-Mediated Mindful Eating Intervention on Eating Behavior and Well-Being Outcomes in College Students

August 26, 2026 updated by: Tracy Chen Xi, Singapore Management University

Effects of a Digital AI-Mediated Mindful Eating Intervention on Eating Behavior and Well-Being Outcomes in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this randomized controlled study is to learn whether a 21-day mindful eating program can improve mental well-being and eating behavior outcomes in university students. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does participation in a 21-day mindful eating program improve students' well-being (e.g., anxiety, stress, affect, life satisfaction, perceived health)? Does the program improve students' eating behavior outcomes (e.g., mindful eating, emotional eating)? Researchers will compare students who complete the mindful eating program immediately to students in a waitlist control group to see whether participation in the program leads to greater improvements in well-being and eating behavior outcomes. Participants will sign up online and provide informed consent, be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or a waitlist control group, receive daily mindful eating tasks and reminders via Telegram for 21 days (intervention group), reflect daily about the task with a chatbot, as well as complete online questionnaire surveys at baseline, post-intervention, and a 2-week follow-up for those who opt in.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
250

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Student of Singapore Management University
  • Uses Telegram

Exclusion Criteria:

- Below 18 Years Old

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention group
Behavioral: Mindful Eating
The intervention is a 21-day, digitally delivered mindful eating program consisting of daily, brief, mindful eating tasks as well as brief post-task reflections with an AI bot, designed to support eating behavior and mental well-being in university students. The program includes low-intensity mindful eating practices that can be completed independently without specialized equipment or prior training, e.g. observing one's meal for one minute before taking the first bite. Participants assigned to the intervention group receive one structured mindful eating task per day for 21 consecutive days. Tasks are delivered via a Telegram channel, accompanied by brief reminders to prompt engagement. Each task is designed to be short in duration, flexible in timing, and feasible within daily meal routines, emphasizing consistency. Participants then reflect on the tasks with an AI bot. The intervention is self-guided and asynchronous, with no in-person contact, live sessions, or direct supervision.
No Intervention: Waitlist Control

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
State Anxiety
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
State anxiety will be measured using the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-6. Six items (e.g., "I felt upset these past 2 weeks.") rated from 1 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much so) will be averaged. Higher composite scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Stress
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Perceived stress will be measured by an adapted version of the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). One sample item is "In the last 2 weeks, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life? ", and items are scored from 0 (Never) to 4 (Very often). The composite score is calculated by averaging the scores of all items after reverse coding two of the items; higher scores indicate greater levels of perceived stress.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Positive and Negative Affect
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) will be evaluated using the affect scale developed by Conner and Silvia, according to principles of the Circumplex Model of Affect. Participants will rate feelings such as 'Enthusiastic' and 'Hostile' experienced over the past two weeks, from a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = Not at all, 5 = Extremely). Composite scores will be calculated by averaging the positive affect items and negative affect items accordingly.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Mindful eating
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Mindful eating will be measured by the 17-item Mindful Eating Behavior Scale (MEBS) which consists of 4 domains: Focused Eating (e.g. "I notice flavors and textures when I'm eating my food"), Hunger and Satiety Cues (e.g. "I trust my body to tell me when to eat"), Eating with Awareness (reverse scored, e.g. "I snack without being aware that I am eating"), and Eating Without Distraction (reverse scored, e.g. "My thoughts tend to wander while I am eating.") Each item is scored from 1 (Never) to 5 (Very often). Scores will be averaged across domains.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Eating Behavior
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Eating behavior is measured by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Items are scored by calculating the average score for three eating styles of restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating. It contains 33 items (11 each style), each rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 5 = Very Often). Scores are averaged across domains.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Life Satisfaction
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Life satisfaction will be measured using an adapted version of Diener's Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The scale consists of 5 items e.g. "The conditions of my life these past 2 weeks are excellent." and is scored from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree). Scores will be averaged and higher scores indicate higher life satisfaction.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Perceived Health
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
Perceived physical and mental health will be assessed using a self-report single-item measure of general health status. Participants will respond to the question, "How would you rate your physical(mental) health over the past two weeks?" Responses will be rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (Poor) to 5 (Excellent). Higher scores indicate better perceived physical health.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
AI Attitude
Time Frame: Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks
AI Attitude is measured by the 12-item Attitudes towards artificial intelligence Scale (ATTARI). One example item is "I look forward to future AI developments", and items are scored from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). There are three facets: Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral. Scores are averaged across domains and higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes toward AI.
Enrollment to the end of intervention at 3 weeks and the end of follow-up at 5 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Singapore Management University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 21, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 17, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 17, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 19, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 25, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 28, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 26, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB-26-176-A144(826)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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