Recombinant Human Prolactin for Lactation Induction

Recombinant Human Prolactin for Lactation Induction in Mothers of Premature Infants

The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and determine the effects of the hormone prolactin on lactation (breast milk production).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lactation
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Normal Saline; Drug: Recombinant Human Prolactin; Biological: Recombinant human prolactin

Detailed Description

The study is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Subjects will be admitted to the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) as outpatients to undergo their baseline pumping study. One lactation consultant will educate all subjects in the proper technique for pumping on the first day of the study and will evaluate their technique on day 5 and day 8 of the study. The lactation consultant will also instruct patients to record the volume of milk pumped and the time of each pumping episode. Subjects will be encouraged to have direct contact with their infants prior to pumping. All infant contact, infant latching onto the breast and mother's stress level will also be recorded throughout the study. Starting at 8 am on day 1, a hospital grade breast pump will be used to drain both breasts as confirmed by the absence of milk flow for 2 min during each episode of pumping and by palpation. Pumping will be performed in this manner every 3 hours around the clock. Subjects will be allowed a 5 hour window to sleep, however, as long as the total number of pumping episodes equals 8 in 24 hours.

During the first episode of pumping, a baseline prolactin level will be drawn immediately before the start of a pumping and repeated at 10 min intervals for 60 min, and then every 30 min for a total of 3 hours to document the peak prolactin level. An intravenous line will be placed to draw blood. Subsequently, subjects will be randomized to receive prolactin or placebo. On the morning of days 2, 5 and 8, blood will be collected for a prolactin level before medication injection. Subsequently, prolactin 60 mg/kg or placebo will be injected subcutaneously by the study nurse 3 hrs after the last pumping episode. On days 2 and 8, additional blood will be collected every 10 min for the first hour, every 30 min for hour 2 and 3, then at 4, 6 and 8 hours after injection to determine the peak prolactin level during a pumping session. Subjects will then drain both breasts as confirmed by the absence of milk flow for 2 min during each episode of pumping and by palpation and milk volume recorded. The subjects' vital signs will be monitored immediately before and every 15 minutes for 1 hr, every 30 min for hours 2 and 3, and then at 4, 6 and 8 hours after injection of prolactin/placebo. Temperature will be measured before the injection, every hour for hours 2 and 3, and then at 4, 6 and 8 hours after injection of placebo/prolactin. If there are no changes in vital signs, on days 5 and 8 vital signs will be monitored at baseline, only. Subjects will be taught to do SC injections on their own and will administer their second dose of SC r-hPRL or placebo 12 hours after the first dose. Subjects will continue every 12 hour SC r-hPRL or placebo administration for the next 7 days. Subjects will be asked to refrigerate all milk and bring it in to GCRC visits so that the volume that is recorded can be confirmed and for testing the milk composition and prolactin level before it is given to the infants. The final prolactin injection will be given on the evening of study day 8. All side effects in the mother and baby will be recorded daily throughout the study. Subjects will return for a final outpatient visit on day 16, to determine if any treatment effect persists. During this visit, milk will be pumped at baseline and volume recorded. In addition, blood will be drawn at 10 min intervals for 60 min, and then every 30 min for a total of 3 hours to document the peak prolactin level. Subjects will turn in their pumping diary the next day.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 11
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
      • Massachusetts General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy women, aged 18-45 years
• Lactation insufficiency postpartum
• Subjects will be women with children in the neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who are pumping breast milk for their infant's nutritional support and to maintain their milk supply.
• Subjects will have given birth at a gestational age of at least 24 weeks, and will generally be recruited 4-8 weeks postpartum.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medications known to increase prolactin
• Anatomical breast abnormalities
• Use of medication contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers
• Allergies to mannitol
• Current use of hormonal contraception
• Previous mammoplasty or breast augmentation, unless they have successfully nursed an infant for 3 months in the past without requiring supplemental formula.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: 1; Placebo group normal saline twice per day	Biological: Normal Saline; twice per day
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: 2; Recombinant human prolactin 60 mcg/kg every 12 hours	Drug: Recombinant Human Prolactin; 60 mcg/kg every 12 hours
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: 3; Recombinant human prolactin 60 mcg/kg alternating with normal saline placebo every 12 hours	Biological: Normal Saline; twice per day; Biological: Recombinant human prolactin; 60 mcg/kg given every 12 hours or every 24 hours

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Change in Breast Milk Volume Baseline to 7 Days	7 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Breast Milk Prolactin Levels	7 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Powe CE, Puopolo KM, Newburg DS, Lonnerdal B, Chen C, Allen M, Merewood A, Worden S, Welt CK. Effects of recombinant human prolactin on breast milk composition. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):e359-66. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1627. Epub 2011 Jan 24.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2004
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): September 1, 2010
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): September 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 9, 2005
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 9, 2005
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): September 16, 2005

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): January 3, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 31, 2017
• Last Verified: December 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Premature infants; Lactation; Breastfeeding; Prolactin; Primary lactation insufficiency
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2001P001475