- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT00391911
Study of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for the Treatment of Rhabdomyolysis
A Randomized Factorial Trial of N-Acetylcysteine and Continuous Veno-Venous Hemo(Dia)Filtration for Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis has many causes including trauma, muscle crush injuries, lack of blood supply to an arm or leg, burns, seizures, drugs and hereditary disorders. Rhabdomyolysis causes the breakdown of muscle cells and the release of a molecule called myoglobin. Myoglobin is very harmful to the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure.
Continuous dialysis has been shown to remove the myoglobin molecule from the blood in patients with rhabdomyolysis. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used in patients receiving contrast dye for x-rays and has shown less worsening of kidney function compared to patients not receiving NAC.
Early and aggressive treatment of patients with rhabdomyolysis with standard therapy, continuous dialysis and a drug called N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may prevent the development of acute kidney failure. Patients who develop kidney failure from this disorder are often critically ill and have a much higher chance of not surviving than those who do not develop kidney failure.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of NAC and Continuous Veno-Venous hemo(dia)filtration (CRRT)early in the course of rhabdomyolysis (in addition to standard therapy)decreases the chance of developing acute renal failure
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Rhabdomyolysis may be defined as a clinical or biochemical syndrome which may result from a large variety of diseases, trauma, or toxic insults to skeletal muscle. The damage to the integrity of the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle leads to the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components into the circulation, specifically myoglobin into the plasma.
The three main principals of therapy for myoglobinuric renal failure include 1) correction of hypovolemia/ renal ischemia, 2) increase the clearance of heme proteins from both the circulation and the kidneys, 3) attenuate the adverse effects of heme proteins on the proximal tubule epithelium. Consequently, therapy for rhabdomyolysis is limited to aggressive rehydration with Ringer's lactate or normal saline, forced diuresis with mannitol, and urinary alkalinization with intravenous bicarbonate.
Hypothesis
- The use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and continuous veno-venous hemo(dia)filtration (CRRT) early in the course of rhabdomyolysis as an adjunct to 'standard therapy' (rehydration, mannitol diuresis, systemic alkalinization) respectively decreases the nephrotoxicity and improves elimination of systemic myoglobin. Consequently both therapies independently prevent the deterioration of renal glomerular and tubular function and establishment of acute renal failure.
- There exists a positive interaction between the use of N-acetylcysteine and CRRT in the prevention of acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis.
Objectives Primary objective is to compare creatinine and myoglobin clearance as well as the glomerular filtration rate over the course of 192 hours in patients with rhabdomyolysis treated with NAC, early CRRT, both CRRT and NAC or neither of the two therapies. Secondary objectives are to : 1) Compare excretion of urine B-NAG, B1-macroglobulin, and microalbumin, as indicators of renal tubular and glomerular damage over the course of 192 hours in subjects with rhabdomyolysis treated with NAC, early CRRT, both therapies, or neither therapies 2) To compare ICU and hospital mortality and length of stay as well as the proportion of subjects with recovery of renal function at 14 and 28 days following randomization in patients with rhabdomyolysis treated with NAC, early CRRT, both therapies, or neither therapies 3) To determine clinical and biochemical risk factors for renal failure development in subjects with rhabdomyolysis.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 2
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Alberta
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Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T5H 3V9
- Royal Alexandra Hospital
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Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11426
- King Fahad National Guard Hospital
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Randomization within 96 hours of medical or surgical diagnosis consistent with rhabdomyolysis
- >18 yrs old
Meeting any one of the following (estimated ARF risk >20% )
- CK >25,000 IU/L
- Injury Severity Score >16 and CK >5000 IU/L
- Age >55 and CK >5000 IU/L
- Clinical suspicion of high probability of developing acute renal failure
- Informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Allergic reaction to N-acetylcysteine.
- Previous wish not to include dialysis as part of medical therapy.
Clinical and biochemical indications for dialysis or ultrafiltration at the time of screening:
- Massive fluid overload unresponsive to diuretics and requiring ultrafiltration.
- Refractory acidosis with a persistent serum pH < 7.20 despite HCO3 therapy.
- Hyperkalemia with EKG changes necessitating dialysis for the removal of potassium.
- Pericardial friction rub from uremic pericarditis.
RIFLE category Failure defined by one of:
- Increase serum creatinine x 3, GFR decrease 75% OR
- SCreat ≥ 4mg/dl (354 umol/L) (acute rise ≥ 0.5mg/dl [44 umol/L])
- UO < 0.3ml/kg/h x 24h or anuria x 12 hours
- RIFLE category Loss - persistent ARF =complete loss of kidney function > 4 weeks
- Pregnancy
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Prevention
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
- Masking: Quadruple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: NAC and CRRT
N-Acetylcysteine and CRRT Patients are assigned to N-Acetylcysteine and CRRT.
The N-Acetylcysteine is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT is open label,
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Patients are assigned to either N-Acetylcysteine or placebo.
Dose is weight based Placebo is normal saline or D5W
Other Names:
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Other: NAC and non CRRT
Patients are assigned to N-Acetylcysteine and CRRT.
The N-Acetylcysteine is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT is open label as would be impossible to blind
|
Patients are assigned to N-Acetylcysteine and CRRT.
The N-Acetylcysteine is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT is open label as would be impossible to blind
Other Names:
|
Other: Placebo and CRRT
Patients are assigned to placebo treatment and CRRT.
The N-Acetylcysteine/placebo is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT is open label.
|
Patients are assigned to Placebo and CRRT.
The N-Acetylcysteine/Placebo is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT is open label
Other Names:
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Other: Placebo and Non CRRT
Patients are assigned to Placebo and non-CRRT.
This is the standard of care arm.
The N-Acetylcysteine/placebo is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT/non CRRT is open label as would be impossible to blind
|
Patients are assigned to Placebo and non-CRRT.
The N-Acetylcysteine/placebo is blinded to everyone except pharmacy.
The CRRT/non CRRT is open label as would be impossible to blind
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Time Frame |
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The primary outcome measures include serial measurements of markers of renal glomerular function and damage and markers of renal tubular function and damage
Time Frame: day 1-28
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day 1-28
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Time Frame |
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Secondary outcome measures include all-cause ICU mortality and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay.
Time Frame: ICU admission until hospital discharge
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ICU admission until hospital discharge
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Renal specific outcomes will include the development of Renal Failure, Loss or End Stage Kidney Disease based on the RIFLE classification system.
Time Frame: at day 28
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at day 28
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis, M.D., University of Alberta
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Abul-Ezz SR, Walker PD, Shah SV. Role of glutathione in an animal model of myoglobinuric acute renal failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9833-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.21.9833.
- Tepel M, van der Giet M, Schwarzfeld C, Laufer U, Liermann D, Zidek W. Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 20;343(3):180-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200007203430304.
- Briguori C, Manganelli F, Scarpato P, Elia PP, Golia B, Riviezzo G, Lepore S, Librera M, Villari B, Colombo A, Ricciardelli B. Acetylcysteine and contrast agent-associated nephrotoxicity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jul 17;40(2):298-303. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01958-7.
- Sochman J. N-acetylcysteine in acute cardiology: 10 years later: what do we know and what would we like to know?! J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 May 1;39(9):1422-8. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01797-7.
- Birck R, Krzossok S, Markowetz F, Schnulle P, van der Woude FJ, Braun C. Acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy: meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003 Aug 23;362(9384):598-603. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14189-X.
- Ward MM. Factors predictive of acute renal failure in rhabdomyolysis. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Jul;148(7):1553-7.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Musculoskeletal Diseases
- Muscular Diseases
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antiviral Agents
- Protective Agents
- Respiratory System Agents
- Antioxidants
- Antidotes
- Free Radical Scavengers
- Expectorants
- Acetylcysteine
- N-monoacetylcystine
Other Study ID Numbers
- RHABDO 2006
- Health Canada Control # 108739 (Other Identifier: Health Canada)
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