Antithymocyte Globulin, Clofarabine, and Rituximab in Treating Patients After an Unsuccessful Stem Cell Transplant

Conditioning for Graft Failure After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

RATIONALE: Antithymocyte globulin, clofarabine, and rituximab may stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells when they do not exactly match the patient's blood. The donated stem cells may replace the patient's immune cells and help destroy any remaining cancer cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving antithymocyte globulin before transplant and cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil before and after transplant may stop this from happening.

PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well giving antithymocyte globulin together with clofarabine and rituximab works in treating patients after an unsuccessful stem cell transplant.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: anti-thymocyte globulin; Biological: rituximab; Drug: clofarabine; Procedure: stem cell transplantation

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

• To determine the rate of sustained donor engraftment at 42 days and survival at 100 days post transplantation in patients treated with anti-thymocyte globulin, clofarabine, and rituximab.

Secondary

• To determine incidence of treatment-related mortality at day 100 post transplantation.
• To determine incidence of neutrophil recovery by day 42 post transplantation.
• To determine survival at day 100 and 1 year post transplantation.
• To determine the proportion of patients with chimerism at day 28 post transplantation.
• To determine incidence and severity of grades II-IV acute graft-vs-host disease by day 100 post transplantation.

OUTLINE:

• Conditioning regimen: Patients receive rituximab intravenously (IV) on day -7, anti-thymocyte globulin IV over 4-6 hours on days -6 to -4, and clofarabine IV over 1 hour on days -4 to -2.
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): Patients undergo HSCT on day 0. Patients may receive umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood stem cells, or bone marrow from unrelated or related donors.
• Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis: Patients receive oral cyclosporine twice daily or cyclosporine IV every 8 hours beginning on day -3 and continuing for 100 or 180 days post transplantation followed by a taper; mycophenolate mofetil IV every 8 hours beginning on day -3 and continuing for 30 days (or 7 days after engraftment with no evidence of GVHD); and filgrastim (G-CSF) IV once daily beginning on day 1 and continuing until blood counts recover.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed on days 100, 180, and 360.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 12
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
      • Masonic Cancer Center at University of Minnesota

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Patient Inclusion Criteria:

• Timing of relevant evaluations: Taking in account the need for rapid intervention, if white blood count is less than 200 on day +20, bone marrow aspirate should be performed on day +21. Unless there is an increase in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to > 500 in the following 7 days, bone marrow aspirate should be repeated on day +28. If the white blood count is still less than 200 and bone marrow is acellular, bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donor should be reactivated and availability of cord blood (CB) units assessed. If the BM or PBSC donor is not confirmed within 14 days of the request for the donation (typically second donation from the same donor), CB unit should be used instead.

Primary or secondary graft failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation defined as a > 50% loss of donor chimerism from previous maximum or less than 25% donor beyond day +42 with pancytopenia and no evidence of relapse. Patients with any diagnosis, type of donor, hematopoietic cell graft or conditioning regimen should be considered for this study.

• primary graft failure is defined as:

  • ANC < 500
  • BM < 10% on two occasions (Day +21 and Day +28)
  • Donor chimerism need not to be considered, provided there is no evidence of malignancy

• secondary graft failure is defined as < 5% cellularity and ANC < 500 for more than 7 days any time after primary engraftment).

  • Women of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (diaphragm, birth control pills, injections, intrauterine device [IUD], surgical sterilization, subcutaneous implants, or abstinence, etc.) for the duration of treatment.
  • Patients or their guardian are able and willing to provide written informed consent.

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

The presence of any of the following excludes a patient from study enrollment:

• Uncontrolled active infection defined as more than one week with no response to appropriately chosen antibiotics
• Evidence of recurrence of primary malignancy.
• Pregnant or lactating. The agents used in this study may be teratogenic to a fetus and there is no information on the excretion of agents into breast milk. All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to registration to rule out pregnancy. Women of childbearing age must use appropriate methods as described.
• Allergy to rituximab.
• Evidence of HIV infection or positive HIV serology.
• Autologous recovery defined as defined as greater than 90% recipient PCR product in the competitive VNTR PCR performed on gradually increasing white blood cell count.

Donor Inclusion Criteria:

• Related donors must be 2-75 years of age and in good health.
• Meets match criteria
• Able and willing to undergo cell collection procedures (bone marrow cell collection or leukapheresis)
• Not pregnant or lactating.
• HIV-1, HIV-2 negative; HTLV-1, HTLV-2 negative, Hepatitis B and C negative.
• Patients or their guardian are able and willing to provide informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Conditioning for Graft Failure; Primary or secondary graft failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation defined as a > 50% loss of previously best donor chimerism or less than 25% donor chimerism beyond day +42 with pancytopenia and no evidence of relapse. Patients with any diagnosis, type of donor, hematopoietic cell graft or conditioning regimen should be considered for this study. Patients receive anti-thymocyte globulin, rituximab, and clofarabine.

Biological: anti-thymocyte globulin; administer 3 mg/kg intravenously (IV) over 4 hours on days -6, -5 and -4.; Other Names: Thymoglobulin®; Biological: rituximab; administered 375 mg/m^2 intravenously (IV) in 1 mg/mL normal saline on day -7.; Other Names: Rituxan(R); Drug: clofarabine; administered 30 mg/m^2 intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on Days -4, -3, and -2.; Other Names: CLOLAR™; Procedure: stem cell transplantation; administered on Day 0 per institutional guidelines.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of Sustained Donor Engraftment	Rate of Sustained Donor Engraftment is defined as the percent of paticipants with an absolute neutrophile count (ANC) of 500 or more without a subsequent graft rejection.	Day 42 post transplantation
Survival at 100 Days Post Transplant	Percent of patients alive from beginning of study to Day 100 post transplantation	Day 100 post transplantation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Treatment-related Death	Percent of patients who died related to the treatment in this study.	Day 100 post transplantation
Time to Primary Neutrophil Engraftment	Time to primary neutrophil engraftment is defined as the percent of patients with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 500 or more neutrophils in a cubic millimeter of blood.	Day 42 post transplantation
Survival	Percent of patients alive from beginning of study to one year post transplantation	One year post transplantation
Chimerism	Occurrence of genetically distinct cell types in a single organism	Day 28 post transplantation
Acute Graft-vs-host Disease	Percent of patients with Acute Graft-vs-host Disease - a process where T-cells present in the donor's bone marrow at the time of transplant identify the transplant patient as "non-self' and attack the patient's skin, liver, stomach, and/or intestines.	Day 30-100

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jakub Tolar, MD, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 15, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 15, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): February 18, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 28, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 3, 2017
• Last Verified: December 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: stage III malignant testicular germ cell tumor; stage IV breast cancer; stage IIIA breast cancer; stage IIIB breast cancer; breast cancer; primary myelofibrosis; stage III ovarian epithelial cancer; stage IV ovarian epithelial cancer; recurrent ovarian epithelial cancer; stage IIIC breast cancer; stage III adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; stage III adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; stage III adult Burkitt lymphoma; stage IV grade 3 follicular lymphoma; stage IV adult diffuse large cell lymphoma; stage IV adult immunoblastic large cell lymphoma; stage IV adult Burkitt lymphoma; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; de novo myelodysplastic syndromes; secondary myelodysplastic syndromes; secondary acute myeloid leukemia; juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia; recurrent/refractory childhood Hodgkin lymphoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; relapsing chronic myelogenous leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia; stage III grade 1 follicular lymphoma; stage III grade 2 follicular lymphoma; stage III grade 3 follicular lymphoma; stage III adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage III adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage IV grade 1 follicular lymphoma; stage IV grade 2 follicular lymphoma; stage IV adult diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma; stage IV adult diffuse mixed cell lymphoma; stage III mantle cell lymphoma; stage IV mantle cell lymphoma; stage II multiple myeloma; stage III multiple myeloma; Hodgkin lymphoma; recurrent small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage III small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage III marginal zone lymphoma; stage IV small lymphocytic lymphoma; stage IV marginal zone lymphoma; splenic marginal zone lymphoma; stage I multiple myeloma; refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage III chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia; stage III adult Hodgkin lymphoma; stage IV adult Hodgkin lymphoma; stage III adult lymphoblastic lymphoma; stage IV adult lymphoblastic lymphoma; disseminated neuroblastoma; recurrent neuroblastoma; refractory multiple myeloma; refractory hairy cell leukemia; chronic myeloid leukemia; stage II ovarian epithelial cancer; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; recurrent ovarian germ cell tumor; chronic eosinophilic leukemia; chronic neutrophilic leukemia; recurrent malignant testicular germ cell tumor; mantle cell lymphoma; follicular lymphoma; recurrent Wilms tumor and other childhood kidney tumors; myelodysplastic syndromes; marginal zone lymphoma; Burkitt lymphoma; chronic myelogenous leukemia; lymphoblastic leukemia; lymphoblastic lymphoma
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antirheumatic Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Clofarabine; Rituximab; Thymoglobulin; Antilymphocyte Serum
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2007LS072; UMN-MT2007-07 (Other Identifier: Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program); 0707M11845 (Other Identifier: IRB, University of Minnesota)