Gene Therapy and Radioactive Iodine in Treating Patients With Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer That Did Not Respond to Radiation Therapy

Phase I Trial of In Situ Gene Therapy for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Radiation Therapy Failure Using Sodium/Iodide Symporter and Radioiodine

RATIONALE: Radioactive drugs, such as radioactive iodine, may carry radiation directly to tumor cells and not harm normal cells. Placing a gene called Ad5CMV-NIS in prostate cancer cells may help the prostate cells take in more radioactive iodine and thus kill the cancer cells. Drugs, such as liothyronine sodium, may protect the thyroid from the side effects of radioactive iodine.

PURPOSE: This phase I trial is studying the side effects and best dose of gene therapy given together with radioactive iodine in treating patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer that did not respond to definitive radiation therapy.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Prostate Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Biological: Ad5-CMV-NIS; Drug: Liothyronine Sodium; Genetic: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Radiation: Iodine I 131; Radiation: Iodine I 123

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

• To determine the safety and tolerance of Ad5CMV-NIS administered intraprostatically followed by radioiodine treatment in patients with locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate following radiotherapy.
• To determine the maximum tolerated dose of Ad5CMV-NIS in these patients.

Secondary

• To evaluate the PSA response rates, duration, and time to PSA progression in these patients.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of Ad5CMV-NIS.

Patients receive intraprostate Ad5CMV-NIS, via transperineal injection under anesthesia, on day 1. They receive dosimetry oral iodine I-123 on day 4 and undergo image studies periodically for the next 24 hours for measurement of radioiodine uptake. Patients with sufficient prostatic iodine I-123 uptake receive therapeutic oral iodine I-131 on days 5-7.

All patients with intact thyroid glands (i.e., not previously surgically removed or ablated) receive TSH suppressive doses of oral liothyronine sodium 3 times daily for 10 days prior and for 15 days post administration of iodine I-123.

Blood samples are collected periodically for measurement of PSA, fT4, and TSH; and peripheral blood cells are monitored for evidence of virus DNA via quantitative reverse-transcriptase-PCR.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months for 10 years. A transrectal tumor biopsy is to be performed at 3 months and 1 year post-treatment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 8
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 120 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

• Histologically confirmed recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate within the past year

  • No transitional cell, small cell, or squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate
  • Local recurrence

• Disease recurred ≥ 18 months after completion of prior external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy for stage T1-T3, N0/X, M0 disease

  • Biochemical failure as defined by the Phoenix definition (rise in PSA by 2 ng/mL or more above the nadir PSA)

    • PSA ≥ 0.3 ng/mL to < 20 ng/mL measured within the past 30 days
  • Pre-treatment PSA < 50 ng/mL
  • Prior locally recurrent hormone-refractory disease allowed
• American Urologic Association Obstructive Symptom Index Score ≤ 24
• No known standard therapy that is potentially curative or definitely capable of extending life expectancy

• No evidence of or history of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate

  • Negative radiographic metastatic work-up including whole-body radionuclide bone scan, CT and/or MR scan of the pelvis and abdomen, and chest x-ray

    • Patients with suspicious areas on conventional imaging studies are eligible provided they are biopsy negative
  • No known CNS metastases
• No prostate size > 140 cc

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

• ECOG performance status 0-2
• Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks
• ANC ≥ 1,500/μL
• Platelet count ≥ 100,000/μL
• Hemoglobin ≥ 8.5 g/dL
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
• INR ≤ 1.4 times ULN
• Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone 0.3-5.0 μIU/mL and free thyroxine 0.8-1.87 ng/dL
• Willing to provide biologic specimens and participate in imaging studies as required

• Willing to maintain a low-iodine diet for 12 days

  • Starting 7 days prior to study virus injection continuing until study day 5

• No more than 1 of the following renal/genitourinary toxicities:

  • Bladder spasms
  • Dysuria (painful urination)
  • Genitourinary fistula
  • Hemoglobinuria
  • Incontinence
  • Operative injury to bladder and/or ureter
  • Proteinuria
  • Renal failure
  • Uretal obstruction
  • Urinary frequency/urgency
  • Urinary retention
  • Urine color change (not related to other dietary or physiologic cause [e.g., bilirubin, concentrated urine, or hematuria])
  • Other renal/genitourinary toxicities
• No urinary tract infection within 72 hours prior to registration
• No pubic arch interference study demonstrating unacceptable prostate access by the transperineal approach
• No absence of rectum or other anatomic features that would preclude transperineal needle insertion into the prostate
• No coagulopathy that contraindicates transperineal and intraprostatic needle insertion
• No other cancer within the past 2 years, except for squamous cell and basal cell skin cancers
• No uncontrolled infection or fever > 100°F
• No known cardiac disease
• No seizure disorder
• No documented history of HIV positivity or other acquired immunodeficiency disorder or congenital immunodeficiency disorder

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

• See Disease Characteristics
• Recovered from acute, reversible effects of prior chemotherapy

• Androgen-deprivation therapy (if applicable) initiated more than 3 months prior to registration

  • Patients who have undergone bilateral orchiectomy are eligible if they meet all other criteria
• At least 6 weeks since prior bicalutamide, nilutamide, or oral or intravenous iodinated contrast
• At least 4 weeks since prior chemotherapy (6 weeks for mitomycin C or nitrosoureas), immunotherapy, biologic therapy, or other experimental drugs
• At least 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent anti-androgens (e.g., flutamide, estrogens, ketoconazole, PC-SPES, finasteride, or megestrol acetate)

• At least 2 weeks since prior and no concurrent exogenous corticosteroids

  • Patients clinically proven to require maintenance steroids allowed provided there has been no change in their dose within the past 6 weeks
• No antibiotic therapy within the past 72 hours
• No prior organ transplantation
• No prior salvage prostatectomy
• No other concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or any ancillary therapy considered investigational
• No concurrent prophylactic use of colony-stimulating factors
• No concurrent enrollment in any other study involving a pharmacologic agent (drugs, biologics, immunotherapy approaches, gene therapy) whether for symptom control or therapeutic intent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Treatment (in situ gene therapy); Patients receive intraprostatic Ad5CMV-NIS via transperineal injection on day 1. Patients also receive iodine I 123 PO QD on day 4. Patients with sufficient prostatic iodine I-123 uptake receive a single therapeutic oral dose of iodine I-131 on day 6 ±1 day. Patients with intact thyroid glands receive liothyronine sodium PO TID for 10 days prior and for 15 days following administration of iodine I-123.

Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative study; Biological: Ad5-CMV-NIS; Given intraprostatically; Other Names: recombinant type 5 adenovirus carrying the human NIS gene linked to the CMV promotor; Drug: Liothyronine Sodium; Given PO; Other Names: Cytomel; Triostat; Genetic: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Peripheral blood cells (20 ml of plasma collected in two CPT tubules) will be evaluated for evidence of virus DNA; Other Names: RT-PCR; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; Radiation: Iodine I 131; Given PO; Other Names: I-131; 131I; iodine 131; Sodium Iodide I-131; Radiation: Iodine I 123; Given PO; Other Names: I-123; iodine 123; 123I; Sodium Iodide I-123

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Number of toxicity incidents by NCI CTCAE v3.0 criteria	3 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Survival	3 years
Time to PSA progression	3 years
Incidence and duration of PSA response	3 years
Duration of PSA control	3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mayo Clinic
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Study Chair: Brian J. Davis, M.D., Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Mayo Clinic Clinical Trials

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 3, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 7, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): February 7, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 7, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 7, 2008
• First Posted (Estimated): November 10, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 21, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: recurrent prostate cancer; adenocarcinoma of the prostate; stage I prostate cancer; stage II prostate cancer
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urogenital Diseases; Genital Diseases; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Genital Diseases, Male; Prostatic Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Investigative Techniques; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Genetic Techniques; Thyroid Hormones; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Thyronines; Thyroxine; Iodine-131; Triiodothyronine; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Iodine-123
• Other Study ID Numbers: MC0252 (Mayo Clinic Cancer Center); 06-009392 (Other Identifier: Mayo Clinic IRB); P50CA091956 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)