Axitinib Before Surgery in Treating Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer

A Randomized, Phase II Study Assessing Axitinib as Pre-Surgical Therapy in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer

This randomized phase II trial studies how well axitinib works in treating patients with high-risk prostate cancer before undergoing surgery. Axitinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving axitinib before surgery may make the tumor smaller and reduce the amount of normal cells that have to be removed

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stage III Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Other: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Drug: axitinib; Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if axitinib modulates pre-metastatic niche density in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if pre-metastatic niche density in regional lymph nodes (LNs) is associated with progression-free survival (PFS).

II. To determine if therapy with axitinib prolongs time to biochemical recurrence.

III. To determine if phosphorylated form of signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)3 in tumor tissue is associated with biochemical recurrence.

IV. To determine if myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) recruitment in tumor tissue is associated with biochemical recurrence.

V. To determine if lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in tumor tissue is associated with biochemical recurrence.

VI. To evaluate time to metastatic recurrence.

VII. To determine the rate of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence (grade >= 3 for both) in the setting of preoperative axitinib therapy.

VIII. To evaluate changes in blood-based biomarkers (pSTAT3 and selected angiogenic factors) from baseline to the time of prostatectomy.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive axitinib orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM II: Patients undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at 5-6 weeks after biopsy confirmation of prostate cancer.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 11
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
      • City of Hope Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer

• High-risk prostate cancer as defined by 1 of the 3 following criteria:

  • Baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) > 20
  • Clinical stage >= T3a and
  • Gleason score 8-9
• Subjects must be appropriate candidates for prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, as deemed by multidisciplinary tumor team; subjects must provide informed consent to these procedures prior to initiating study treatment
• Subjects must provide written informed consent prior to performance of study-specific procedures or assessments, and must be willing to comply with treatment and follow-up; procedures conducted as part of the subject's routine clinical management (e.g., blood count, imaging study) and obtained prior to signing of informed consent may be utilized for screening or baseline purposes provided these procedures are conducted as specified in the protocol
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500 cells/mm^3
• Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3
• Hemoglobin >= 9.0 g/dL
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 X ULN
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 X ULN or calculated creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min
• Urinary protein < 2+ by urine analysis (UA); if UA is >= 2+ for protein then a 24-hour urine collection can be done and the patient may enter only if urinary protein is < 2 g per 24 hours
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
• Life expectancy of >= 12 weeks
• No prior systemic therapy for prostate cancer
• No evidence of preexisting uncontrolled hypertension as documented by 2 consecutive blood pressure readings taken within 1 hour; the baseline systolic blood pressure readings must be =< 140 mm mercury (Hg), and the baseline diastolic blood pressure readings must be =< 90 mm Hg; patients whose hypertension is controlled by antihypertensive therapies are eligible
• Within 2 weeks of consent (and prior to initiating systemic therapy with axitinib if randomized to that arm), patients should visit with a radiation oncologist to discuss the option of radiation therapy (potentially with concomitant androgen deprivation therapy) for high-risk disease; if the patient has met with a radiation oncologist within 3 months of study enrollment to discuss the possibility of radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer, then this will suffice; patients do not have the right to refuse consultation; if this is the case, it must be documented by the treating physician in the medical record
• Signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient (or legally acceptable representative) has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior systemic therapy for prostate cancer (including by not limited to endocrine therapy; i.e., LHRH analogues, antiandrogens, etc.)
• Evidence of metastatic disease
• Prior radiation therapy for prostate cancer
• Known history of allergic reactions to axitinib or other VEGF-TKIs
• Presence of serious or uncontrollable infection
• Major surgery <4 weeks of starting the study treatment

• Gastrointestinal abnormalities including:

  • Inability to take oral medication
  • Requirement for intravenous alimentation
  • Prior surgical procedures affecting absorption including total gastric resection
  • Treatment for active peptic ulcer disease in the past 6 months
  • Active gastrointestinal bleeding, unrelated to cancer, as evidenced by hematemesis, hematochezia or melena in the past 3 months without evidence of resolution documented by endoscopy or colonoscopy
  • Malabsorption syndromes
• Current use or anticipated need for treatment with drugs that are known potent cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors (ie, grapefruit juice, verapamil, ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, telithromycin, clarithromycin, indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir and delavirdine)
• Current use or anticipated need for treatment with drugs that are known CYP3A4 or cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) inducers (ie, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, felbamate, omeprazole, phenobarbital, phenytoin, amobarbital, nevirapine, primidone, rifabutin, rifampin, and St. John's wort)
• Requirement of anticoagulant therapy with oral vitamin K antagonists; therapeutic use of low molecular weight heparin is allowed
• Active seizure disorder
• A serious uncontrolled medical disorder or active infection that would impair their ability to receive study treatment
• Any of the following within the 12 months prior to study drug administration: myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina, coronary/peripheral artery bypass graft, symptomatic congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack and 6 months for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illness
• History of a malignancy (other than prostate cancer) except those treated with curative intent for skin cancer (other than melanoma), in situ breast or in situ cervical cancer, or those treated with curative intent for any other cancer with no evidence of disease for 2 years
• Dementia or significant altered mental status that would prohibit the understanding or rendering of informed consent and compliance with the requirements of this protocol
• Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition, or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration, or may interfere with the interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the investigator would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm I (neoadjuvant enzyme inhibitor and prostatectomy); Patients receive axitinib PO BID on days 1-28. Patients then undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Other: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Correlative studies; Other Names: ELISA; Drug: axitinib; Given PO; Other Names: AG-013736; Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery; Undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection
Active Comparator: Arm II (surgery); Patients undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection at 5-6 weeks after biopsy confirmation of prostate cancer.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Other: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Correlative studies; Other Names: ELISA; Procedure: therapeutic conventional surgery; Undergo prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pre-metastatic Niche Density	The niche density is defined as the average number of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) clusters in 8 distinct 40X microscopic fields in the regional lymph nodes of patients. We will use a two sample student's T-test to compare the primary endpoint of pre-metastatic niche density in the patients treated with axitinib, as compared to the pre-metastatic niche density in the patients enrolled on the control arm.	At the time of prostatectomy

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Toxicity, assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE)		24 months post treatment
Time to biochemical recurrence	Cox regression will be used with the log-rank test to compare time to biochemical recurrence in patients treated with axitinib to patients treated with surgery alone.	24 months post treatment
Time to metastatic recurrence		24 months post treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: City of Hope Medical Center
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sumanta Pal, City of Hope Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Pal SK, Vuong W, Zhang W, Deng J, Liu X, Carmichael C, Ruel N, Pinnamaneni M, Twardowski P, Lau C, Yu H, Figlin RA, Agarwal N, Jones JO. Clinical and Translational Assessment of VEGFR1 as a Mediator of the Premetastatic Niche in High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015 Dec;14(12):2896-900. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0367. Epub 2015 Oct 8.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 28, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 9, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): October 9, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 24, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 28, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): June 29, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 7, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 13, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Axitinib
• Other Study ID Numbers: 10151; NCI-2011-01105 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))