A Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles for Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin and Vildagliptin in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (MK-0431-142)

April 28, 2017 updated by: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC

A Study to Assess and Compare the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles for Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin and Vildagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A five-period crossover study to assess and compare the trough dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibition at 24-hours following the final morning dose for sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin after 5 days of once daily dosing and vildagliptin after 5 days of twice daily dosing in participants with T2DM. The primary hypothesis is that following multiple daily dose administration to achieve steady-state drug concentrations, 100-mg sitagliptin will demonstrate greater DPP-4 inhibition at 24-hours after the final dose compared to 5-mg saxagliptin and 50-mg vildagliptin (once daily administration) in participants with T2DM. Each participant will receive all 5 treatments in randomized order. There will be a washout interval of at least 10 days between the last dose of study drug in one period and the first dose of study drug in the following period.

Study Overview

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

22

Phase

  • Phase 1

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • female participants of reproductive potential must not be pregnant and agree to use (and/or have their partner use) two acceptable methods of birth control beginning at least 2 weeks prior to administration of the first dose of study drug until at least 2 weeks after the last administration of study drug
  • has a body mass index between 18 and 43 kg/m^2 inclusive
  • has a clinically confirmed diagnosis of T2DM
  • is not currently receiving any oral antihyperglycemic medications and has a screening visit hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between 6.5% and 10% inclusive
  • must not have been previously treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor or glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs within 12 weeks of prestudy visit
  • has fasting plasma or serum glucose (FPG) ≤200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) at screening and randomization
  • is a non-smoker or has not used nicotine or nicotine-containing products for at least approximately the last 6 months
  • is willing to follow the American Heart Association weight maintaining diet and exercise program or equivalent beginning 2 weeks prior to administration of first dose of study drug and throughout the study until the poststudy visit
  • agrees to refrain from the consumption of grapefruit and grapefruit juice for at least 2 weeks prior to the start of the study and throughout the study
  • agrees to refrain from the consumption of all fruit juices periodically throughout the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • is mentally or legally incapacitated, has significant emotional problems at the time of prestudy visit or expected during the conduct of the study or has a history of a clinically significant psychiatric disorder over the last 5 years
  • has an estimated creatinine clearance of ≤60 mL/min
  • has a history of stroke, chronic seizures, or major neurological disorder
  • has a history of clinically significant endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hematological, hepatic, immunological, renal, respiratory, or genitourinary abnormalities or diseases (with the exception of stable thyroid disease, T2DM and typical associated diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia)
  • must not have been previously treated with any regimen that includes insulin (injected or inhaled) for at least 3 months
  • has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and/or history of ketoacidosis, or C peptide ≤0.8 ng/mL (≤0.26 nmol/L); or secondary forms of diabetes, acute metabolic diabetic complications or evidence of significant diabetic complications (i.e. retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy)
  • has a history of neoplastic disease (including leukemia, lymphoma, malignant melanoma), or myeloproliferative disease
  • is on a weight loss program and is not in the maintenance phase, or participant has been treated with a weight loss medication within 8 weeks of screening
  • anticipates the use of any new medication(s), including prescription and non-prescription drugs or herbal remedies beginning approximately 2 weeks prior to administration of the initial dose of study drug and throughout the study until the poststudy visit
  • anticipates any change in dose of current stable medications
  • has donated or lost 1 unit of blood within 4 weeks of the prestudy visit
  • has had major surgery within 30 days prior to screening or has planned major surgery
  • has a history of uncontrolled hypertension
  • is taking a medication which is not permitted in the study to treat a co-morbid condition, including but not limited to cytochrome P450 3A4/5 inhibitors and inducers, P-glycoprotein 1 inhibitors, and human organic anion transporter 3 inhibitors
  • consumes excessive amounts of alcohol, coffee, tea, cola, or other caffeinated beverage daily
  • has a history of significant multiple and/or severe allergies, or has had an anaphylactic reaction or significant intolerability to prescription or non-prescription drugs or food
  • is currently a regular user (including "recreational use") of any illicit drugs or has a history of drug (including alcohol) abuse within approximately the past 6 months
  • is a nursing mother

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 1
Sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 1 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 2 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 3 followed by placebo in Period 4 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 2
Saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 1 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 2 followed by placebo in Period 3 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 4 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 3
Vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 1 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 2 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 3 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 4 followed by placebo in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 4
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 1 followed by placebo in Period 2 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 3 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 4 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 5
Placebo in Period 1 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 2 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 3 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 4 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 6
Sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 1 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 2 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 3 followed by placebo in Period 4 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 7
Saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 1 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 2 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 3 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 4 followed by placebo in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 8
Vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 1 followed by placebo in Period 2 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 3 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 4 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 9
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 1 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 2 followed by placebo in Period 3 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 4 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 10
Placebo in Period 1 followed by saxagliptin 5 mg in Period 2 followed by sitagliptin 100 mg in Period 3 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg BID in Period 4 followed by vildagliptin 50 mg in Period 5
Sitagliptin 100 mg: one sitagliptin 100 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Januvia™
Saxagliptin 5 mg: one saxagliptin 5 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Onglyza™
Vildagliptin 50 mg: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Vildagliptin 50 mg BID: one vildagliptin 50 mg tablet BID (twice daily), once in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours and once in the evening on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.
Other Names:
  • Galvus™
Placebo: one placebo for sitagliptin tablet once daily in the morning following a fast of at least approximately 8 hours on Days 1 through 5 in one out of five treatment periods.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percent Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Activity at Trough
Time Frame: 24 hours following the final morning dose on Day 5
Percent inhibition of DPP-4 activity at 24 hours after the Day 5 morning dose (i.e., at trough) was determined by analysis of blood samples collected from the study participants.
24 hours following the final morning dose on Day 5

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve 0-24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr)
Time Frame: Predose (0 Hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 14 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 16, 20 and 24 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
AUC 0-24hr is the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve calculated for the 24 hour interval after the Day 5 morning dose.
Predose (0 Hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 14 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 16, 20 and 24 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve 0-12 Hours (AUC 0-12hr) for Vildagliptin 50 mg BID
Time Frame: Predose (0 hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
AUC 0-12hr is the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve calculated for the 12 hour interval after the Day 5 morning dose for the vildagliptin 50 mg BID dose only.
Predose (0 hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Peak Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax)
Time Frame: Predose (0 hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 14 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 16, 20, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
Measurement of the peak plasma drug concentration following the Day 5 morning dose.
Predose (0 hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 14 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 16, 20, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to the Peak Plasma Drug Concentration (Tmax)
Time Frame: Predose (0 hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 14 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 16, 20, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours after the morning dose on Day 5
Measurement of the time to the peak plasma drug concentration following the Day 5 morning dose.
Predose (0 hours) and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 14 (vildagliptin 50 mg BID only), 16, 20, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours after the morning dose on Day 5

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 21, 2012

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 4, 2012

Study Completion (Actual)

December 14, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 19, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 19, 2012

First Posted (Estimate)

April 20, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 30, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 28, 2017

Last Verified

April 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

Yes

IPD Plan Description

http://www.merck.com/clinical-trials/pdf/Merck%20Procedure%20on%20Clinical%20Trial%20Data%20Access%20Final_Updated%20July_9_2014.pdf

http://engagezone.msd.com/ds_documentation.php

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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