- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT01624272
Respiratory Muscle Training in Institutionalized Elderly Population
The Effectiveness of Pranayama Breathing Exercises vs. Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Trainer to Improve Respiratory Muscle Function in an Institutionalized Frail Elderly Population
The global loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging is a cause of functional impairment and disability, particularly in the frail elderly. Respiratory function can be severely compromised if there is a decrease of respiratory (RM) strength complicated by the presence of comorbidities and physical immobility.
Previous studies have shown that the specific RM training is an effective method to increase RM strength, both in healthy people and patients. In this case, specific RM training may be regarded as a beneficial alternative to improve RM function, and thus prevent physical and clinical deterioration in this population.
The hypothesis is that specific RM training would improve RM strength and endurance in the experimental groups vs. control who do not participate in RM training.
Institutionalized elderly people with an inability to walk were randomly allocated to a control group, a Threshold group or a Pranayama group. Both experimental groups performed a supervised RM training, five days a week for six consecutive weeks. The maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) and the maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were assessed at four time points in each of three groups.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
Studies have shown that general aerobic exercise training is accompanied by significant respiratory physiological benefits, including gains in RM strength and endurance (Larson, et al., 1999; Sheel, 2002; Watsford, et al., 2005; Lacasse et al., 2006). This benefit appears to be greater when general exercise conditioning is combined with specific RM training (Weiner, et al., 1992; Wanke, et al., 1994; Larson, et al., 1999; Hill y Eastwood, 2005; O'Brien, et al., 2008). However, many frail elderly are not able to perform general aerobic exercise, related or not to ADL, as it is mentioned above (e.g., institutionalized elderly with comorbidities, functional impairment and RM weakness). In this case, specific RM training may be used as a beneficial alternative to maintain or improve RM function (Watsford and Murphy, 2008), and thus prevent deterioration in this functionally impaired elderly.
The most commonly used techniques of specific RM training are: a) isocapnic hyperpnoea (Leith and Bradley, 1976; Belman and Mittman, 1980), b) respiratory resistive loading (Pardy, et al., 1981; Sonne and Davis, 1982; Belman, et al., 1986), and c) respiratory threshold loading (Clanton, et al., 1985; Chen, et al., 1985; Martyn, et al., 1987; Larson, et al., 1988). Apart from these three well-known techniques, other less studied types of exercise such as the controlled breathing exercises of Yoga, Pranayama, may also be added to this list (Kulpati, et al., 1982; Manocha, et al., 2002; Donesky-Cueco, et al., 2009).
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Comunidad Valenciana
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Moncada, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, 46113
- Residencia de la Tercera Edad "San Luis"
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Quart de Poblet, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, 46930
- Residencia de la Tercera Edad "El Amparo"
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Valencia, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, 46003
- Ballesol- Centros residenciales 3ª edad
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- clinically stable residents, institutionalized at least 1 year;
- Barthel Index less than 95 points;
- inability to independently walk more than 10 meters or inability to effectively use a wheelchair;
- Mini-Mental Status Examination score of at least 20 points (i.e., subjects without moderate or severe cognitive deterioration).
Exclusion Criteria:
- significant chronic cardiorespiratory diagnoses (e.g. moderate-severe COPD);
- an acute cardiorespiratory episode during the last 2 months prior to the study;
- neurological, muscular, or neuromuscular problems interfering with the capacity to engage in the tests and training protocols;
- active smokers or former smokers who had stopped smoking less than 5 years ago;
- a terminal disease.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
No Intervention: Control
Usual care
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Experimental: Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training
Inspiratory muscle training regime
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Interval-based program consisting of seven cycles of 2-minutes work and 1-minute rest.
The sessions took place 5 times per week over a six-week period for a total of 30 sessions.
All participants were familiarized with the breathing exercises over a two-day familiarization period at the beginning of the protocol.
Other Names:
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Experimental: Controlled breathing exercises
Yoga Pranayama breathing exercises
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Interval-based program.
The sessions took place 5 times per week over a six-week period for a total of 30 sessions.
All participants were familiarized with the breathing exercises over a two-day familiarization period at the beginning of the protocol.
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change from baseline in Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) at 7 weeks
Time Frame: The groups were assessed at baseline (time zero) and at the end of the training protocol (week 7).
|
MIP is probably the most frequently reported noninvasive estimates of inspiratory muscle strength.
Ever since Black and Hyatt (1969) reported this technique it has been widely used in patients, healthy control subjects across all ages, and athletes.
Pressure is recorded at the mouth during a quasi-static short (few seconds) maximal inspiration.
The manoeuvre is generally performed at Residual Volume (RV).
Reference: Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2002;166:531-535.
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The groups were assessed at baseline (time zero) and at the end of the training protocol (week 7).
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Change from baseline in Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) at 7 weeks
Time Frame: The groups were assessed at baseline (time zero) and at the end of the training protocol (week 7).
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MEP is probably the most frequently reported noninvasive estimates of expiratory muscle strength.
Ever since Black and Hyatt (1969) reported this technique it has been widely used in patients, healthy control subjects across all ages, and athletes.
Pressure is recorded at the mouth during a quasi-static short (few seconds) maximal expiration.
The manoeuvre is generally performed at Total Lung Capacity (TLC).
Reference: Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2002;166:531-535.
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The groups were assessed at baseline (time zero) and at the end of the training protocol (week 7).
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change from baseline in Maximum Voluntary Ventilation at 7 weeks
Time Frame: The groups were assessed at baseline (time zero) and at the end of the training protocol (week 7).
|
This ventilatory test is a non-invasive technique and is a measure of both inspiratory and expiratory muscle endurance.
The MVV is the largest volume that can be breathed in and out of the lungs during a 12 -15 second interval with maximal voluntary effort.
Reference: Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2002;166:562-564.
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The groups were assessed at baseline (time zero) and at the end of the training protocol (week 7).
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Study Chair: José M Tomás, PhD, University of Valencia
- Principal Investigator: M. Àngels Cebrià i Iranzo, PT, PhD, University of Valencia
- Study Chair: David A Arnall, PT, PhD, East Tennessee State University
- Study Chair: Celedonia Igual Camacho, PT, PhD, University of Valencia
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Cebria I Iranzo MD, Arnall DA, Igual Camacho C, Tomas JM, Melendez JC. Physiotherapy intervention for preventing the respiratory muscle deterioration in institutionalized older women with functional impairment. Arch Bronconeumol. 2013 Jan;49(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Sep 19. English, Spanish.
- Cebria i Iranzo Md, Arnall DA, Igual Camacho C, Tomas JM. Effects of inspiratory muscle training and yoga breathing exercises on respiratory muscle function in institutionalized frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2014 Apr-Jun;37(2):65-75. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0b013e31829938bb.
- Cebria I Iranzo MD, Tortosa-Chulia MA, Igual-Camacho C, Sancho P, Galiana L, Tomas JM. [Cost-consequence analysis of respiratory preventive intervention among institutionalized older people: randomized controlled trial]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2014 Sep-Oct;49(5):203-9. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2013.11.002. Epub 2014 Jan 11. Spanish.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- H1325072291220
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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