Effects of Lipids on Gastric Emptying, Satiety Hormones, and Appetite in Severe Overweight

February 18, 2016 updated by: Jan Lysgaard Madsen, Hvidovre University Hospital
In lean subjects, free fatty acid (FFA) promotes gut hormone release, delays gastric emptying, and reduces appetite and energy intake more than an isocaloric load of triglyceride (TG). In obesity, the gastrointestinal sensitivity to food components may be reduced. In this study, the investigators compare the effects of the FFA oleic acid and the TG olive oil on gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying, appetite sensation, and subsequent energy intake in lean and severely obese subjects.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Nutritional lipid within the lumen of small intestine causes a range of physiological responses that suppress appetite and reduce energy intake. Thus, intestinal fat promotes the release of gastrointestinal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide-YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that modulate gastrointestinal motility and are important for appetite regulation and food consumption.

The effect of ingested fat on gut hormone secretion is highly dependent on the lipolysis of triglycerides (TGs) into free fatty acids (FFAs). It has been demonstrated that adding a lipase inhibitor (tetrahydrolipstatin) to a pure fat meal accelerates gastric emptying and reduces CCK release. Furthermore, administration of tetrahydrolipstatin with an intraduodenal infusion of TG attenuates gastric relaxation and antro-pyloro-duodenal motility and reduces the release of CCK, PYY, and GLP-1 compared to TG alone. Finally, intragastric administration of FFA delays gastric emptying and augments the release of CCK and PYY compared to an isocaloric administration of TG. Hence, the presence of FFAs more than TGs within the small intestine seem to play a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite and energy intake.

Whereas acute intake of FFA represents a potent stimulus for suppression of appetite and energy intake, epidemiological evidence relates long-term high dietary fat intake with obesity and it is known that obese individuals prefer food with high fat content. The mechanisms behind this paradox remain unclear. However, sustained high fat-diet may change gastromotor responses and gut hormonal release to a dietary load of lipids. Moreover intraduodenal sensitivity to FFA (oleic acid) was recently reported to be reduced in obese subjects. The reduced appetite and energy intake after FFAs compared to TGs may, therefore, not apply to obese subjects.

The aims of this study are to evaluate gastric emptying, gut hormone secretion, appetite sensation, and energy intake after isocaloric gastric administration of FFA (oleic acid) and TG (olive oil) in lean and severely obese subjects.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

20

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Denmark
      • Hvidovre, Denmark, DK-2650
        • Hvidovre Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

25 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Male

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

10 lean subjects and 10 severely obese subjects

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Lean subjects: BMI 20-25
  • Severely obese subjects: BMI > 50

Exclusion Criteria:

-Gastrointestinal symptoms

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Case-Control
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hvidovre University Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

January 1, 2012

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2014

Study Completion (Actual)

January 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 5, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 7, 2012

First Posted (Estimate)

September 10, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

February 19, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 18, 2016

Last Verified

February 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • H-4-2011-060

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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