The Caudal Space in Children: Ultrasound Evaluation

July 24, 2014 updated by: Yonsei University

Caudal anesthesia is commonly employed in pediatrics to produce postoperative analgesia in low abdominal or urologic surgery.

An exact understanding of the anatomy of the sacral area including sacral hiatus and surrounding structures is crucial to the success of caudal block.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomy of the caudal space in pediatrics by ultrasound evaluation.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

300

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Korea, Republic of
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 120-752
        • Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

No older than 7 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients aged 0 - 84 months who were scheduled to undergo elective urological surgery. This investigation was conducted at a single tertiary medical center (Severance Hospital), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients aged 0 - 84 months who were scheduled to undergo elective urological surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with any contraindication to caudal epidural block were excluded.

    • coagulopathy
    • allergy to local anesthetics
    • infection at the puncture site

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Pediatric patients in urologic surgery
Pediatric patients undergoing caudal block for urologic surgery were included in this study.
Other: ultrasound evaluation of caudal space

After induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view.

First, investigators place the transducer at the sacral cornua to obtain a transverse view.

In the transverse view, the distance between two cornua and the depth of caudal space at the sacral hiatus were measured. In the longitudinal view, the distance from the skin to the sacrococcygeal membrane and the optimal angles and the safety distance for needle insertion depending on the points of insertions were measured. From the end of dura sac to the sacral hiatus were regarded as safety distance for the needle insertion during caudal block.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
ultrasound evaluation of caudal space
Time Frame: Right after induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view.

First, investigators place the transducer at the sacral cornua to obtain a transverse view.

In the transverse view, the distance between two cornua and the depth of caudal space at the sacral hiatus were measured. In the longitudinal view, the distance from the skin to the sacrococcygeal membrane and the optimal angles and the safety distance for needle insertion depending on the points of insertions were measured. From the end of dura sac to the sacral hiatus were regarded as safety distance for the needle insertion during caudal block.
Right after induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Yonsei University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

June 1, 2013

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 1, 2014

Study Completion (Actual)

March 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 30, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 10, 2013

First Posted (Estimate)

July 11, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

July 28, 2014

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 24, 2014

Last Verified

July 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 4-2013-0244

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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