The Effect of Juice Types on the Responses to Air Pollution

Effects of Oral Nitrate Supplementation on Vascular and Pulmonary Oxidative Stress Markers Following Traffic Pollution Exposure

The study hypothesis is that drinking different juices will affect the body's responses to air pollution. Subjects will be exposed to air pollution during a 2-hour car ride on the NJ (New Jersey) Turnpike. Each subject will be asked to do this twice. Before one car ride, the subject will be asked to drink orange juice. Before the other car ride, the subject will be asked to drink beet juice. Samples of blood and exhaled breath will be collected before, immediately after, and 24 hours after each car ride. Levels of nitrites/nitrates will be measured in the blood and breath.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Air Pollution
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Beet juice; Dietary supplement: Orange juice

Detailed Description

Subjects will participate in two exposure sessions. The air pollution exposure consists of a 2-hour car ride along the NJ Turnpike. Samples will be collected at 3 time points for each exposure session: pre-exposure, immediately post-exposure, and 24 hours post-exposure. Blood samples will be collected immediately before and after a 5-minute occlusion at each time point. The subject will also be asked to provide samples of exhaled breath and complete symptom and stress questionnaires at each time point.

Blood samples will be analyzed for serum nitrite. Exhaled breath samples will be analyzed for nitrates and nitrites.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New Jersey
    • Piscataway, New Jersey, United States, 08854
      • Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy
• Must live within 20 miles of Piscataway, NJ

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Are a current smoker

  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Are HIV-positive
  • Have an active medical condition such as high blood pressure, asthma, diabetes or other serious disease
  • Have a heart condition such as atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation or a pacemaker
  • Are unable to ride comfortably in a car for 2 hours
  • Travel to the EOHSI (Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute) Clinic Center on major highways for more than 3 miles (the Garden State Parkway, the New Jersey Turnpike, Routes 287, 1, 18, or 9).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Beet Orange; Beet juice will be given prior to the first car ride and orange juice will be given prior to the second car ride.	Dietary supplement: Beet juice; 2 cups of beet juice will be given before the car ride; Dietary supplement: Orange juice; 2 cups of orange juice will be given before the car ride
EXPERIMENTAL: Orange Beet; Orange juice will be given before the first car ride and beet juice will be given before the second car ride.	Dietary supplement: Beet juice; 2 cups of beet juice will be given before the car ride; Dietary supplement: Orange juice; 2 cups of orange juice will be given before the car ride

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in plasma nitrite concentration	Change in plasma nitrite concentration pre- and post-occlusion	Prior to the car ride, immediately after the 2-hour car ride, and 24 hours later

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in nitrite/nitrate concentration in exhaled breath	Change in nitrite/nitrate concentration in exhaled breath	Prior to the car ride, immediately after the 2 hour car ride and 24 hours later

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Howard Kipen, MD, Rutgers RWJMS

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Laumbach RJ, Rich DQ, Gandhi S, Amorosa L, Schneider S, Zhang J, Ohman-Strickland P, Gong J, Lelyanov O, Kipen HM. Acute changes in heart rate variability in subjects with diabetes following a highway traffic exposure. J Occup Environ Med. 2010 Mar;52(3):324-31. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181d241fa.
• Hussain S, Laumbach R, Coleman J, Youssef H, Kelly-McNeil K, Ohman-Strickland P, Zhang J, Kipen H. Controlled exposure to diesel exhaust causes increased nitrite in exhaled breath condensate among subjects with asthma. J Occup Environ Med. 2012 Oct;54(10):1186-91. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31826bb64c.
• Laumbach RJ, Kipen HM. Acute effects of motor vehicle traffic-related air pollution exposures on measures of oxidative stress in human airways. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Aug;1203:107-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05604.x.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): October 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): October 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 16, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 2, 2014
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): January 6, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): December 13, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 11, 2017
• Last Verified: December 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: food; air pollution; nitrates; nitrites; breath tests/methods
• Other Study ID Numbers: Pro2013003273