"Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing D2 vs D3 Lymphadenectomy With Gastric Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing D2 Versus D3 Lymphadenectomy on Outcomes of Non-metastatic, Resectable, But Locally Advanced, Gastric Cancer Following Neoadjuvant (Perioperative) Chemotherapy (ELANCe Trial)

Stomach cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in India. Curative surgery offers the only chance of improving survival in this cancer. In patients whose cancer has not spread to other parts of the body (beyond the stomach and lymph nodes around it), removal of stomach (gastrectomy) with lymph nodes around the stomach and along the major vessels supplying blood to the stomach (D2 lymphadenectomy) is regarded as current standard of care at Tata Memorial Centre. However, the extent of lymphadenectomy is controversial. Some studies have suggested that removing more lymph nodes, even around the major vessels of the abdomen (aorta and inferior vena cava) may not only help to accurately determine the disease spread, but may also confer an additional survival benefit. Removing more lymph nodes around the major vessels may increase the risk of morbidity to the patient.

In the last 5-6 years, stomach cancer specialists around the world have resorted to giving half the cycles of chemotherapy to the patient before the surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy), and the other half after the surgery in what is called 'perioperative chemotherapy'. This has been shown to lead to more patients surviving to 5 years, than before.

The investigators feel that perioperative chemotherapy with D2 lymphadenectomy may constitute the best care for our patients with stomach cancer such that no further removal of lymph nodes beyond is required. However, the investigators have no evidence in literature to support this hypothesis. The investigators have thus designed this trial based on which we propose that there exists no difference between a D2 lymphadenectomy and a D3 lymphadenectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for non-metastatic, locally advanced but resectable gastric cancer. The data will enable the development of clear management guidelines for lymph node dissection in stomach cancer.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Gastric Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: D3 Lymphadenectomy

Detailed Description

The only data comparing D2 and D3 comes from a multi-institutional, non-randomised study which reported that D3 lymphadenectomy conferred a survival advantage over D2 in tumours that were 50-100mm in diameter, with or without lymph nodal disease.

Of the three published randomised controlled trials(RCT) comparing D2 versus D2+paraaortic nodal dissection (PAND), two of the studies in which the long-term results are available, were carried out in Japan. In both these studies, the patients were not offered chemotherapy until after they developed a recurrence. Another reason is the benefit on survival, albeit modest, in patients undergoing D3 lymphadenectomy that has been noted in the study by Wu et al.

Another important reason for comparing D2 versus D2+PAND, lies in the fact that none of the aforementioned RCTs have been performed after the 1998 revision in the definition of lymph node stations by the Japanese Gastric cancer association. Hence, none of these results can be considered representative of the current classifications.

Duly considering the possible higher morbidity that has been shown with a complete para aortic lymph node dissection, the investigators propose to study a more extensive lymphadenectomy than D2 but without increasing the risk of morbidity in the patient.

D2 lymphadenectomy has been performed at Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), since 2002 with morbidity and mortality rates comparable to world literature It is the standard form of lymphadenectomy in TMC. Hence, the trial will be performed by surgeons experienced in the technique. D3 is performed in some centres in Japan, Italy and Taiwan (where the only randomized controlled trial demonstrated a survival benefit of D3 over D1). Both the procedures are well established and regarded as standards in different parts of the world.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 400
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Dr Shailesh V Shrikhande, MBBS MS MD; Phone Number: 7173 +91 222417 7000; Email: shailushrikhande@hotmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Dr Ashwin Luis Desouza, MBBS MS; Phone Number: 6329 +91 222417 7000; Email: ashwindesouza@gmail.com

Study Locations

• India
  • Maharashtra
    • Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400012
      • Recruiting
      • Dr Shailesh Vinayak Shrikhande
      • Contact: Dr Shailesh v Shrikhande, MBBS MS MD; Phone Number: 7173 +91 22 2417 7000; Email: shailushrikhande@hotmail.com
      • Contact: Dr Bhawna Sirohi, MBBS DCH; Phone Number: 6755 +91 22 2417 7000; Email: bhawna.Sirohi13@gmail.com
      • Principal Investigator: Dr Shailesh V Shrikhande, MBBS MS MD
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr.Ashwin L Desouza, MBBS MS
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Mukta Ramadwar, MBBS MD MRC
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Mahesh Goel, MBBS MS
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Shaesta Mehta, MBBS DNB MD
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Nitin shetty S Shetty, MBBS MD DNB
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Supreeta Arya, MD DNB DMRD
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Keadar Deodhar, MBBS MD MRC
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr Munita Bal, MBBS MD DNB
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr.Shraddha Patkar, MBBS MS
      • Sub-Investigator: Dr.Abhishek Mitra, MBBS MS

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• ECOG performance status of 0 - 1 in patients deemed fit to undergo surgery at the pre-anaesthetic check
• Histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma
• No evidence of distant metastases, or locally advanced inoperable disease, as evaluated by computed tomography, chest radiography, ultrasonography, and / or laparotomy
• Patient able to provide valid informed consent
• Patient completed at least 1 cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of any 1 of the following:
• Previous or concomitant other cancer
• Primary Oesophageal involvement extending to the stomach
• Distant hepatic / extrahepatic disease discovered on laparotomy
• Gross local disease in the porta precluding a curative resection
• Patient did not consent for the trial

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: D2 Lymphadenectomy; Intervention D3 Lymphadenectomy	Procedure: D3 Lymphadenectomy; D3 Lymphadenectomy involves surgical removal of lymph nodes from echelon or compartments 1 to 3 in gastric cancer patients
Experimental: D3 Lymphadenectomy; Comparator D2 Lymphadenectomy	Procedure: D3 Lymphadenectomy; D3 Lymphadenectomy involves surgical removal of lymph nodes from echelon or compartments 1 to 3 in gastric cancer patients

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
primary endpoint:Overall Survival	overall survival will be calculated from randomization to death.	5 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Disease-free survival	Disease-free survival will be calculated from definitive resection to the first event (i.e., local recurrence, distant recurrence, or death from any cause	2 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tata Memorial Centre
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Dr Shailesh V Shrikhande, MBBS MS MD, Tata Memorial Centre

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 5, 2013
• Primary Completion (Estimated): July 30, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 31, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 13, 2014
• First Posted (Estimated): May 15, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): November 22, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: D2 versus D3 Lymphadenectomy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: 87

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: data of patient kept confidential