Exercise Training in Healthy Young Men

The Impact of Timed Protein Supplementation to Maximize the Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Response to Resistance Type Exercise Training in Healthy Young Men

Resistance type exercise training has been shown to be a potent stimulus to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength in healthy men. Furthermore, timed protein intake is also known to affect the muscle adaptive response following exercise. Whether timed protein intake could augment the increase in muscle fiber size and/or satellite cell content following long-term exercise intervention remains to be established.

We hypothesize that protein supplementation before sleep, on both training and non-training days, during a 12 week resistance training program further increases type II muscle fibre cross sectional area when compared to the placebo group.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Gaining Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Exercise + Protein drink

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 44
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Netherlands
  • Limburg
    • Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 6229ER
      • Maastricht University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male
• Healthy
• Age between 18 and 30 years
• BMI between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2
• Recreationally active, performing sports on a non-competitive basis between 2 and 5 hours p/wk
• Participants willing and able to give written informed consent and to understand, to participate and to comply with the biomedical research project requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

• HbA1C level above 6.5%
• Fasted blood glucose level above 7 mmol/L
• Serum creatinine level beneath 60 or above 120 µmol/L
• Participants with a recent history or current state of COPD
• Participants with a recent history or current state of rheumatoid arthritis
• Participants with a recent history or current state of musculoskeletal/orthopedic disorders
• Participants with a recent history or current state of renal disorder
• Participants with a recent history or current state of cognitive impairment
• Participants with orthopedic metal implants in the spine and/or upper/lower extremities
• Participants with lactose intolerance and/or dairy protein allergy
• Participants who are enrolled in an interventional biomedical research project or have received an investigational new drug or product with the last 30 days prior to screening.
• Participants on medication, including anticoagulants

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Training + placebo drink; Exercise + non-caloric placebo drink	Dietary supplement: Exercise + Protein drink
Experimental: Exercise + Protein drink; exercise + Drink containing Protein, Carbohydrates and Fat	Dietary supplement: Exercise + Protein drink

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Skeletal muscle fiber size	Skeletal muscle fiber size will be assessed by muscle biopsy sampling before, during and after the 12 wks intervention period. Muscle fiber size will be expressed in µm2	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Quadriceps cross-sectional area	Quadriceps cross-sectional area will be assessed by CT-scan before and after the 12 wks intervention period. Quadriceps cross-sectional area will be expressed in cm2	12 weeks
Whole body en regional body composition	Body composition (whole-body as well as regional) well be determined by DXA-scan performed before and after the 12 wks intervention period. Results will be expressed in kilograms	12 weeks
1RM strength	Maximum muscle strength will be assessed before, during and after 12 wks of exercise training by means of a 1 rep max test and will be expressed in kilograms.	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Maastricht University Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, Saris WH, van Loon LJ. Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;96(6):1454-64. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037556. Epub 2012 Nov 7.
• Res PT, Groen B, Pennings B, Beelen M, Wallis GA, Gijsen AP, Senden JM, VAN Loon LJ. Protein ingestion before sleep improves postexercise overnight recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Aug;44(8):1560-9. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824cc363.
• Snijders T, Res PT, Smeets JS, van Vliet S, van Kranenburg J, Maase K, Kies AK, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJ. Protein Ingestion before Sleep Increases Muscle Mass and Strength Gains during Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Healthy Young Men. J Nutr. 2015 Jun;145(6):1178-84. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.208371. Epub 2015 Apr 29.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): February 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 20, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 20, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): August 21, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): August 22, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 21, 2014
• Last Verified: August 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Protein; Strength; Muscle mass; Cross-sectional area
• Other Study ID Numbers: MEC 11-03-45