The Role of Dietary Fat on Postprandial Endotoxemia in Healthy Adults

Dietary Fat Affects Postprandial Serum Endotoxin Concentration in Healthy Adults

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary fats (saturated or unsaturated) on postprandial endotoxemia and systemic low grade acute inflammation. The investigators hypothesized that meals rich in saturated or n-6 fatty acids would increase postprandial endotoxemia but meals high in n-3 fatty acids would decrease postprandial endotoxemia.Participants were recruited via email and randomized to treatment meal in this single-blind, cross-over study. Each test session participants reported to the laboratory right away in the morning. An indwelling catheter was inserted into the participant non-dominant arm by a qualified nurse and a baseline blood draw was taken. The participant was then provided with one of four test meals (a porridge-type meal containing a different dietary fat), which they ate in entirety within 15 minutes. The participants remained in the laboratory for the next five and a half hours and were not allowed to consume any food or drink except water. During this time, further blood draws were taken at intervals of one hour for a total of five hours after the consumption of the test meal. Collected blood was processed on-site and the serum fraction collected and tested for endotoxin, inflammatory biomarkers, and metabolites.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Endotoxemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Saturated-fat Treatment Meal; Other: N-6 fat Treatment Meal; Other: N-3 fat Treatment Meal; Other: Low-fat Treatment Meal

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Iowa
    • Ames, Iowa, United States, 50010
      • Nutrition and Wellness Research Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18 and 40 years old;
• Willingness to eat test meals;
• Body mass index ≥ 19.9 ±0.8 and ≤ 24.9 ±0.8;
• Weight stable (< 2 kilogram weight change in the previous 3 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of acute or chronic disease;
• Use of tobacco products;
• Consumes more than 21 units of alcohol per week;
• Use of anti-inflammatory medication;
• History suggestive of macronutrient malabsorption

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Test Meal Saturated Fat; Saturated-fat Treatment Meal	Other: Saturated-fat Treatment Meal; Isocaloric test meal that provided 35% fat with saturated fat (16 g).
Experimental: Test Meal N-6 Fat; N-6 fat Treatment Meal.	Other: N-6 fat Treatment Meal; Isocaloric test meal that provided 35% fat with n-6 (7.4 g).
Experimental: Test Meal N-3 Fat; N-3 fat Treatment Meal.	Other: N-3 fat Treatment Meal; Isocaloric test meal that provided 35% fat with n-3 (DHA = 500mg)
Experimental: Test Meal Low-fat; Low-fat Treatment Meal.	Other: Low-fat Treatment Meal; Isocaloric test meal that provided 20% fat.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Serum endotoxin concentration	Change from baseline every one hour, up to five hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Serum concentration of biomarkers of inflammation	Change from baseline every one hour, up to five hours
Serum concentration of triglycerides, glucose, and non-esterified fatty acids	Change from baseline every one hour, up to five hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Iowa State University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: James H Hollis, PhD, Iowa State University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Erridge C, Attina T, Spickett CM, Webb DJ. A high-fat meal induces low-grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1286-92. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1286.
• Fritsche KL. The science of fatty acids and inflammation. Adv Nutr. 2015 May 15;6(3):293S-301S. doi: 10.3945/an.114.006940. Print 2015 May.
• Mani V, Hollis JH, Gabler NK. Dietary oil composition differentially modulates intestinal endotoxin transport and postprandial endotoxemia. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2013 Jan 10;10(1):6. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-6.
• Lyte JM, Gabler NK, Hollis JH. Postprandial serum endotoxin in healthy humans is modulated by dietary fat in a randomized, controlled, cross-over study. Lipids Health Dis. 2016 Nov 5;15(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12944-016-0357-6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 28, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): August 13, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): August 13, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2015
• Last Verified: August 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Inflammation; Diet; Fat; Postprandial; Endotoxemia; Lipopolysaccharide
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Infections; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Inflammation; Sepsis; Bacteremia; Toxemia; Endotoxemia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 14-020; 2014-67017-21778 (Other Grant/Funding Number: USDA)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No