13C Trioctanoate Breath Test as a Measurement of Gastric Fat Volume Emptying (13CTriOBT)

July 21, 2016 updated by: University of Zurich

The13C Trioctanoate Breath Test as a Measurement Method for the Gastric Emptying of Fat; a Randomised, Single Blinded, Cross Over Study

13C breath tests represent an attractive alternative in the measurement of gastric emptying (GE). Therefore these tests have been used in a variety of clinical settings such as in the assessment of gastroparesis, delayed GE in diabetic patients or in the assessment of GE with fat containing enteral formulas in critically ill patients.

The investigators have previously demonstrated that the 13C sodium octanoate breath test (OBT) is an inappropriate measurement method for the GE of fat. The OBT appears to be affected by 1) post gastric processing of the OCC marker and 2) its interaction with the physical form and concentration of the fat present in the stomach and duodenum.

The13C trioctanoate breath test (TriOBT) represents an attractive alternative to the OBT. Compared to OCC which is a medium chain fatty acid the 13C trioctanoate (TriOCC) is a triglyceride. TriOCC has similar physio chemical properties as the nutritional lipid e.g. rapeseed oil.

This study aims to assess the efficacy of the TriOBT as a GE measurement method of fat in an acid stable lipid emulsion (LE1). The breath test results from the TriOBT will be compared with the OBT and further validated against gastric fat volume emptying data observed from MRI. The interim analysis will determine whether the study will proceed to stage 2 which will assess the efficacy of the TriOBT in an acid unstable lipid emulsion (LE4).

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

13C breath tests for the measurement of gastric emptying (GE) were first developed in the early 1990s. These tests have clear advantages over many other GE imaging techniques as they are relatively inexpensive, simple to use, can be carried out in children and pregnant women or those who have contraindications to MRI. Therefore these tests have been used in a variety of clinical settings such as in the assessment of gastroparesis or delayed GE in diabetic patients or the assessment of GE with fat containing enteral formulas in critically ill patients. Breath tests rely upon the ingestion of a 13C stable isotope markers such as the medium chain fatty acid 13C octanoic acid (OCC) and the tryglyceride13C trioctanoate (TriOCC).

However, 13C breath tests are an indirect measure of GE. Thus, GE data acquired from breath tests are a result of numerous complex interactions which include: 1) the chemical properties of markers and their interactions with test meals during gastric processing 2) absorption from the duodenum, 3) metabolism by the liver (oxidation of fatty acids) and 4) final excretion as 13CO2 by the lungs. All of these complex interactions can become compounded when the gastric processing of lipid emulsions (LEs) are investigated and thus careful consideration and selection of breath test markers is required.

The investigators have developed isocaloric and isovolume LEs with different GE properties as shown previously with MRI. The acid stable (LE1) and acid unstable lipid emulsion (LE4) responds differently to the conditions within the stomach. LE1 empties relatively uniformly from the stomach. However, the LE4 separates into water and high fat phases after 15-30 min of being in the stomach. In the late phase of GE the emulsion is re-emulsified and thus there are three distinct GE phases in LE4. Once separation of LE4 occurs the aqueous and low fat phase empties fairly rapidly from the stomach whereas the second fat phase empties more slowly. The differing GE pattern of acid unstable LEs has a profound effect on GE breath test data dependent upon the selection of the breath test marker used.The investigators have previously demonstrated that the OCC breath test (OBT) is an inappropriate measure of the gastric emptying of fat as the OBT is influenced by 1) Post gastric processing of the OCC marker and 2) its interaction with the physical form and concentration of the fat present in the stomach and duodenum. These effects were highlighted by only a marginal concordance agreement with the OBT half emptying (T50) of 13CO2 recovery and fat volume T50 (MRI T50) with LE1 and no agreement with LE4 (rc=0.7 and rc=0.4 respectively)..

The main aim of this study is to investigate whether TriOCC is a more appropriate breath test marker to use in the measurement of the GE of fat. As the TriOCC is a triglyceride it has similar physiochemical properties to nutritional lipids. Therefore, it is more likely to behave similarly in the gastric and duodenal environment to ingested lipids in emulsions such as rapeseed oil. In study 1 the investigators will compare the breath test markers TriOCC and OCC in LE1. In a sub set of participants a validated MRI quantitative fat fraction method will be used to determine reference values for the half gastric emptying time of fat (MRI T50). This will be correlated to half emptying (T50) of 13CO2 recovery generated from percentage dose recovery per hour (PDR/h) curves. The interim analysis will assess whether the TriOCC is more related to gastric fat volume emptying than the OCC marker in LE1. Should TriOCC be representative of gastric fat volume emptying study 2 will then proceed. Study 2 will then assess the gastric emptying of fat as above but with LE4.

A secondary aim is to develop an algorithm to quantify the heterogeneity of fat distribution within gastric content for MRI data. The gastric processing of lipid emulsions as visualized by MRI has been shown to result in a large inter individual variation of fat distribution. By quantifying this heterogeneity we aim to determine the degree of flocculation and creaming of the emulsions across the length of the stomach.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

32

Phase

  • Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Switzerland
      • Zurich, Switzerland, 8091
        • University Hopsital Zurich

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 50 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • BMI 18-25 kg/m²
  • Written informed consent
  • 18 Years to 50 Years

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of GI, cardiorespiratory (including arterial
  • hypertension), hematologic, renal, atopic, alimentary or psychiatric disorder, panic attacks, diabetes
  • Prior abdominal surgery other than uncomplicated appendectomy or hernia repair
  • Requiring medication that might alter gut function, including calcium channel blockers, prokinetics, macrolide antibiotics
  • Presence of metallic implants, devices or metallic foreign bodies
  • Pregnancy and lactation (female participants of child bearing age will receive a pregnancy test prior to study)
  • Claustrophobia
  • Regular smoking
  • A history of drug or alcohol abuse
  • A history of food allergies or intolerances
  • Uncertainty about the willingness or ability of the participant to comply with the protocol requirements

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Octanoic acid (1-13C, 99%)
100 µL 13C Octanoic acid (Cambridge isotope laboratories)
Dietary supplement: Octanoic acid (1-13C, 99%)

13C-marker will be mixed with emulsions. 2 isovolumetric (200 ml) and isocaloric (200 kcal) lipid emulsions with different acid and shear stability Lipid emulsion 1: acid stable, particle size 0.6 µm

Optional study pending interim analysis:

Lipid emulsion 4: acid unstable, redispersible by mechanical processes during antral contractions and passage through the pylorus, particle size 0.6 µm
Active Comparator: TRIOCTANOIN (1,1,1-13C3, 99%)
100 µL 13C Trioctanoin (Cambridge isotope laboratories)
Dietary supplement: TRIOCTANOIN (1,1,1-13C3, 99%)

13C-marker will be mixed with emulsions 2 isovolumetric (200 ml) and isocaloric (200 kcal) lipid emulsions with different acid and shear stability

Lipid emulsion 1: acid stable, particle size 0.6 µm

Optional study pending interim analysis:

Lipid emulsion 4: acid unstable, redispersible by mechanical processes during antral contractions and passage through the pylorus, particle size 0.6 µm

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Half emptying time (T50) [min] as determined from 13CO2 recovery curves in breath using the exponential beta function
Time Frame: upto 300 min
upto 300 min

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
The T50 [min] of MRI fat volume emptying
Time Frame: up to 180 min
up to 180 min
Correlation of MRI T50 [min] and breath test T50 [min
Time Frame: up to 180 min (MRI) and every 10 min until 300 min (breath test)
up to 180 min (MRI) and every 10 min until 300 min (breath test)
The maximum secretion volume [ml]
Time Frame: up to 180 min
up to 180 min
Spatial heterogeneity of gastric content will be assessed using a variogram approach
Time Frame: up to 180 min
up to 180 min

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Zurich

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Andreas Steingötter, PhD, Univeristy of Zürich

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

October 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 1, 2016

Study Completion (Actual)

April 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 28, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 9, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

November 11, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

July 22, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 21, 2016

Last Verified

July 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • KEK-Nr. 2015-0450

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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