A Study Using Regorafenib as Second or Third Line Therapy in Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer

A Phase II Study Using Regorafenib as Second or Third Line Therapy in Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer

This research study is studying a targeted therapy as a possible treatment for thyroid cancer. A targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific types of cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.

- The name of the study intervention involved in this study is regorafenib.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Thyroid Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Regorafenib

Detailed Description

This is a phase II clinical trial. Phase II clinical trials test the safety and effectiveness of an investigational intervention to learn whether the intervention works in treating a specific disease. "Investigational" means that the intervention is being studied.

The FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) has approved regorafenib as a treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer and locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Regorafenib has not been approved for treatment against thyroid cancer.

Regorafenib is an oral anti-tumor agent that blocks activity of a specific kind of protein involved in normal cellular functions and in pathologic processes such as tumor formation and maintenance.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 17
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06520-8028
      • Yale Cancer Center
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
      • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects must be able to understand and be willing to sign the written informed consent form. A signed informed consent form must be appropriately obtained prior to the conduct of any trial-specific procedure.
• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks (3 months).
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤1.
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.
• Documented disease progression within 6 months prior to study registration, as defined by RECIST criteria.
• Must have at least 1 site of measurable disease by RECIST criteria, by version 1.1.
• Archival tissue block or unstained slides (from primary or metastatic site) must be available, otherwise fresh tissue biopsy sample will be collected.
• Any number of prior chemotherapies and targeted therapies are allowed.
• Patients must have received at least one prior line of targeted therapy.

• Adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function as assessed by the following laboratory requirements within 3 weeks prior to study registration:

  • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the upper limits of normal (ULN)
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino-transferease (AST) ≤ 2.5 x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN for subjects with liver involvement of their cancer)
  • Alkaline phosphastase limit ≤ 2.5 x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN for subjects with liver involvement of their cancer)
  • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x the ULN
  • International normalized ratio (INR)/ Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN. (Subjects who are prophylactically treated with an agent such as warfarin or heparin will be allowed to participate provided that no prior evidence of underlying abnormality in coagulation parameters exists. Close monitoring of at least weekly evaluations will be performed until INR/PTT is stable based on a measurement that is pre-dose as defined by the local standard of care. (See Section 3.3)
  • Platelet count > 100000 /mm3, hemoglobin (Hb) > 9 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 1500/mm3. Blood transfusion to meet the inclusion criteria will not be allowed.
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test performed within 7 days prior to study registration. Post-menopausal women (defined as no menses for at least 1 year) and surgically sterilized women are not required to undergo a pregnancy test. The definition of adequate contraception will be based on the judgment of the investigator.
• Subjects (men and women) of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception beginning at the signing of the ICF until at least 2 months after the last dose of study drug. The definition of adequate contraception will be based on the judgment of the principal investigator or a designated associate.
• Subject must be able to swallow and retain oral medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior treatment with regorafenib.
• Previous assignment to treatment during this study. Subjects permanently withdrawn from study participation will not be allowed to re-enter study.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic pressure >140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg [NCI-CTCAE v4.0] on repeated measurement) despite optimal medical management.

• Active or clinically significant cardiac disease including:

  • Congestive heart failure - New York Heart Association (NYHA) > Class II.
  • Active coronary artery disease.
  • Cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy other than beta blockers or digoxin.
  • Unstable angina (anginal symptoms at rest), new-onset angina within 3 months before randomization, or myocardial infarction within 6 months before randomization.
• Evidence or history of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy.
• Any hemorrhage or bleeding event ≥ NCI CTCAE Grade 3 within 4 weeks prior to start of study medication.
• Subjects with thrombotic, embolic, venous, or arterial events, such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks) deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 6 months of start of study treatment.
• Subjects with any previously untreated or concurrent cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology except cervical cancer in-situ, treated basal cell carcinoma, or superficial bladder tumor. Subjects surviving a cancer that was curatively treated and without evidence of disease for more than 3 years before registration are allowed. All cancer treatments must be completed at least 3 years prior to study entry (i.e., signature date of the informed consent form).
• Patients with pheochromocytoma.
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or current chronic or active hepatitis B or C infection requiring treatment with antiviral therapy.
• Ongoing infection > Grade 2 NCI-CTCAE v4.0.
• Symptomatic metastatic brain or meningeal tumors.
• Presence of a non-healing wound, or non-healing ulcer, (that is not tumor related) or bone fracture.
• Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days before start of study medication.
• Other investigational treatment during or within 30 days before starting study treatment.
• Use of any approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors within 2 weeks or 6 half-lives of the agen, whichever is shorter, prior to receiving study drug.
• Prior radiation within 14 days before start of study medication.Renal failure requiring hemo-or peritoneal dialysis.
• Dehydration Grade ≥1 NCI-CTCAE v4.0.
• Patients with seizure disorder requiring medication.
• Persistent proteinuria ≥ Grade 3 NCI-CTCAE v4.0 (> 3.5 g/24 hrs, measured by urine protein: creatinine ratio on a random urine sample).
• Interstitial lung disease with ongoing signs and symptoms at the time of informed consent.
• Pleural effusion or ascites that causes respiratory compromise (≥ NCI-CTCAE version 4.0 Grade 2 dyspnea).
• History of organ allograft (including corneal transplant).
• Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs, study drug classes, or excipients of the formulations given during the course of this trial.
• Any malabsorption condition.
• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
• Any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, makes the subject unsuitable for trial participation.
• Substance abuse, medical, psychological or social conditions that may interfere with the subject's participation in the study or evaluation of the study results.

• Excluded therapies and medications, previous and concomitant

  • Concurrent anti-cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, or tumor embolization) other than study treatment (regorafenib, other agents being investigated in combination with regorafenib).
  • Prior use of regorafenib.
  • Concurrent use of another investigational drug or device therapy (i.e., outside of study treatment) during, or within 4 weeks of trial entry (signing of the informed consent form).
  • Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days before start of study medication.

  • Therapeutic anticoagulation with Vitamin-K antagonists (e.g., warfarin) or with heparins and heparinoids.

    --- However, prophylactic anticoagulation as described below is allowed:

    • Low dose warfarin (1 mg orally, once daily) with PT-INR ≤ 1.5 x ULN is permitted. Infrequent bleeding or elevations in PT-INR have been reported in some subjects taking warfarin while on regorafenib therapy. Therefore, subjects taking concomitant warfarin should be monitored regularly for changes in PT, PT-INR or clinical bleeding episodes.
    • Low dose aspirin (≤ 100 mg daily).
    • Prophylactic doses of heparin.
  • Use of any herbal remedy (e.g. St. John's Wort [Hypericum perforatum])

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Regorafenib; Regorafenib tablets 80mg orally, once daily at predetermined dosage for 21 days per cycle	Drug: Regorafenib; Regorafenib is a small molecule inhibitor of multiple membrane-bound and intracellular kinases involved in normal cellular functions and in pathologic processes.; Other Names: Stivarga

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
10-month Progression-free Survival (PFS) Rate [MTC Cohort]	10-month PFS Rate is the proportion of participants ramaing alive and progression free at 10 months. Progression-free survival based on the Kaplan-Meier method is defined as the duration of time from study entry to documented disease progression (PD) or death. Per RECIST 1.1 criteria: progressive disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of target lesions taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions. PD for the evaluation of non-target lesions is the appearance of one or more new lesions and/or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions.	10 months
Objective Response Rate (ORR) [DTC Cohort]	ORR was defined as the percentage of participants achieving complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) on treatment based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. Per RECIST 1.1 for target lesions: CR is complete disappearance of all target lesions and PR is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference baseline sum LD. PR or better overall response assumes at a minimum incomplete response/stable disease (SD) for the evaluation of non-target lesions and absence of new lesions.	Up to 23.9 months. Tumor assessments were performed at baseline, on Day 1 of Cycle 3, and every 28 days thereafter. After treatment discontinuation, assessments continued every 2 months (±7 days).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Grade 3-5 Toxicity Rate	Grade 3-5 toxicity rate is defined as the proportion of participants who experienced at least one grade 3-5 adverse event (AE) of any type during the time of observation. All AEs were summarized and graded based on CTCAE v4.	AEs were evaluated on treatment cycle 1 day 1 of week 1, 2 and 3, and cycle 2 day 1 of week 1 and 3, and cycle 3 and beyond day 1 of week 1. For this study cohort, participants were evaluated for AEs for the maximum treatment duration up to 24 months.
Change From Cycle 1 Day 1 in MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Thyroid (MDASI-Thy) Score	The MDASI-Thy assesses the severity of symptoms, including 13 core symptom items, 6 additional module symptom items, and 6 interference items, at their worst in the past 24 hours using a 0-10 numerical rating scale, where higher scores indicate worse symptoms. For each section (core symptoms, thyroid-specific symptoms, and interference), the section score is calculated as the mean of the item scores and therefore ranges from 0 to 10. Change scores were calculated as the end-of-treatment section score minus the corresponding Cycle 1 Day 1 section score.	Assessed at Cycle 1 Day 1 and end of treatment. The maximum treatment duration was 23.9 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
• Collaborators: Bayer
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Kartik Seghal, MD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ettrich TJ, Seufferlein T. Regorafenib. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2018;211:45-56. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91442-8_3.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 7, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): August 7, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 9, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 15, 2016
• First Posted (Estimated): January 18, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 12, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 21, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Thyroid Cancer
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; regorafenib
• Other Study ID Numbers: 15-350

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: There are no plans to share individual participant data. However, at the end of the study, results will be presented and published.