Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Brachial Plexus Block With EXPAREL in Shoulder Surgery

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Brachial Plexus Block With EXPAREL for Postsurgical Analgesia in Subjects Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty or Rotator Cuff Repair

This is a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 155 adult subjects undergoing primary unilateral total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair with general anesthesia

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension; Drug: bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

On Day 0, eligible subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of EXPAREL 133 mg in 10 mL expanded in volume with 10 mL of normal saline for a total volume of 20 mL or placebo 20 mL. Study drug (EXPAREL or placebo) will be administered in a blinded manner via an ultrasound guided single-dose brachial plexus block at least 1 hour prior to surgery.

Postsurgical assessments will include pain intensity scores using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS); total postsurgical opioid consumption; overall benefit of analgesia score (OBAS) questionnaire; subject satisfaction with overall analgesia using a 5 point Likert scale; neurological assessment; sensory function assessment; motor function assessment; discharge readiness; unscheduled phone calls or office visits related to pain; 12-lead ECGs; vital sign measurements; and clinical laboratory tests. Adverse events will be recorded from the time the informed consent form is signed through postsurgical Day 29.

Follow-up visits will be scheduled for all subjects on postsurgical Days 5 and 10. A follow-up phone call will be made on postsurgical Day 29.

A population Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis will be utilized to limit the number of blood draws with a sampling schedule of baseline (prior to the nerve block) through hospital discharge. There will be two collection sequences for this study and a subject can only be randomized to one sequence.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 156
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Belgium
  • Genk, Belgium, 3600
    • Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg
• Denmark
  • Aarhus, Denmark, 8000
    • Aarhus University Hospital
  • Silkeborg, Denmark, 8600
    • Regionshospital Silkeborg
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Mobile, Alabama, United States, 36608
      • Horizon Research Group, Inc
  • Colorado
    • Englewood, Colorado, United States, 80113
      • Denver Metro Orthopedics
  • Florida
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
      • Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami
    • Pensacola, Florida, United States, 32504
      • Pensacola Research Associates
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
      • Brigham and Women's Hospital
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
      • Massachusetts General Hospital
  • New York
    • Bronx, New York, United States, 10467
      • Montefiore Medical Center
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Duke University Medical Center
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44111
      • Fairview Hospital
  • Pennsylvania
    • Indiana, Pennsylvania, United States, 15701
      • Indiana Regional Medical Center
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
      • Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
    • Windber, Pennsylvania, United States, 15963
      • Chan Soon-Shiong Medical Center
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77004
      • Hermann Drive Surgical Hospital
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77027
      • Westside Surgical Hospital
    • Plano, Texas, United States, 75093
      • Plano Surgical Hospital
    • Webster, Texas, United States, 77598
      • Houston Physician's Hospital
  • Virginia
    • Franklin, Virginia, United States, 23851
      • Southampton Orthopedics Sports Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female, at least 18 years of age at screening.
2. Scheduled to undergo primary unilateral total shoulder arthroplasty or rotator cuff repair.
3. Subjects scheduled for rotator cuff repair must have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a reading confirming a tear of at least 1 cm.
4. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1, 2, or 3.
5. Female subject must be surgically sterile; or at least 2 years postmenopausal; or have a monogamous partner who is surgically sterile; or practicing double-barrier contraception; or practicing abstinence (must agree to use double-barrier contraception in the event of sexual activity); or using an insertable, injectable, transdermal, or combination oral contraceptive approved by the FDA for greater than 2 months prior to screening and commit to the use of an acceptable form of birth control for the duration of the study and for 30 days after completion of the study.
6. Able to demonstrate normal motor function (by obtaining a 5 on the Lovett Scale when exhibiting biceps, wrist, and thumb movement) and sensory function (by exhibiting sensitivity to cold, pinprick, and light touch) in the location where sensory function will be measured throughout the study: 2 cm superior to the coracoid process on the skin overlying the acromioclavicular joint.
7. Able to provide informed consent, adhere to the study visit schedule, and complete all study assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Currently pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant during the study or within 1 month after study drug administration.
2. Planned concurrent surgical procedure.
3. Concurrent painful physical condition that may require analgesic treatment (such as an NSAID or opioid) in the postsurgical period for pain that is not strictly related to the shoulder surgery and which may confound the postsurgical assessments (e.g., significant pain from other joints, chronic neuropathic pain).
4. History of hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to amide-type local anesthetics.
5. Smoking history of greater than 25 pack-years.
6. Contraindication to any one of the following: bupivacaine, oxycodone, morphine, or hydromorphone.
7. Use of any of the following medications within the times specified before surgery: long-acting opioid medications or NSAIDs (except for low-dose aspirin used for cardioprotection) within 3 days, or any opioid medication within 24 hours.
8. Initiation of treatment with any of the following medications within 1 month of study drug administration or if the medication(s) are being given to control pain: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), gabapentin, pregabalin (Lyrica®), or duloxetine (Cymbalta®). If a subject is taking one of these medications for a reason other than pain control, he or she must be on a stable dose for at least 1 month prior to study drug administration.
9. Current use of systemic glucocorticosteroids within 1 month of enrollment in this study.
10. Use of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (HCl) (Precedex®) within 3 days of study drug administration.
11. History of impaired kidney function, emphysema or other chronic respiratory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, coagulopathy, or loss of sensation in extremities.
12. Impaired kidney function (e.g., serum creatinine level >2 mg/dL [176.8 µmol/L] or blood urea nitrogen level >50 mg/dL [17.9 mmol/L]) or impaired liver function (e.g., serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST] level >3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN] or serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] level >3 times the ULN.)
13. Uncontrolled anxiety, psychiatric, or neurological disorder that might interfere with study assessments.
14. Any chronic neuromuscular deficit effecting the peripheral nerves or muscles of the surgical extremity.
15. Any chronic condition or disease that would compromise neurological or vascular assessments.
16. Malignancy in the last 2 years, with the exception of non-metastatic basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or localized carcinoma in situ of the cervix.
17. Suspected or known history of drug or alcohol abuse within the previous year.
18. Body weight <50 kg (110 pounds) or a body mass index >44 kg/m2.
19. Previous participation in an EXPAREL study.
20. Administration of an investigational drug within 30 days or 5 elimination half-lives of such investigational drug, whichever is longer, prior to study drug administration, or planned administration of another investigational product or procedure during the subject's participation in this study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: EXPAREL 133 mg; 10 mL EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) expanded with 10 mL normal saline as single-injection brachial plexus block (interscalene or supraclavicular) ≥1 h preoperatively	Drug: bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension; 10 mL EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) expanded with 10 mL normal saline; Other Names: EXPAREL; Drug: bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension; 20 mL EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension); Other Names: EXPAREL
Active Comparator: EXPAREL 266 mg; 20 mL EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) as single-injection brachial plexus block (interscalene or supraclavicular) ≥1 h preoperatively	Drug: bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension; 10 mL EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) expanded with 10 mL normal saline; Other Names: EXPAREL; Drug: bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension; 20 mL EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension); Other Names: EXPAREL
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; 20 mL normal saline as single-injection brachial plexus block (interscalene or supraclavicular) ≥1 h preoperatively	Drug: Placebo; 20 mL normal saline as single-injection; Other Names: Normal saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Intensity Scores	AUC of VAS pain intensity scores through 48 hours, which represents total pain experienced through 48 hours. VAS is a pain scale. The VAS was presented as a straight 10 cm line, where 0 cm is no pain and 10 cm is the worst pain possible. Patients were asked, "How much pain are you experiencing right now? Please place a vertical mark on the line below to indicate the level of pain you are experiencing right now."	0-48 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Total Postsurgical Opioid Consumption Through 48 Hours	Total postsurgical opioid consumption (converted to IV morphine equivalents) through 48 hours	0-48 hours
Percentage of Opioid-free Participants Through 48 Hours	Percentage of participants who did not receive opioid medication through 48 hours	0-48 hours
Time to First Opioid Rescue Through 48 Hours	Time to first opioid rescue medication consumed through 48 hours. Time to rescue was estimated from Kaplan-Meier analysis and presented as quartiles (ie, time to rescue for the first 25% / 50% / 75% of subjects within each treatment group).	0-48 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc
• Investigators: Study Director: James B Jones, MD, PharmD, Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Patel MA, Gadsden JC, Nedeljkovic SS, Bao X, Zeballos JL, Yu V, Ayad SS, Bendtsen TF. Brachial Plexus Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine for Shoulder Surgery Improves Analgesia and Reduces Opioid Consumption: Results from a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. Pain Med. 2020 Feb 1;21(2):387-400. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz103.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 9, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 7, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): July 7, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 15, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): March 18, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 3, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 6, 2020
• Last Verified: November 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Sensory System Agents; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 402-C-327

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided