Oregon Military Employee Sleep and Health Study (MESH)

Evaluation of a Work-Family and Sleep Leadership Intervention in the Oregon National Guard: A Behavioral Health Leadership Approach

This study is a randomized controlled trial that assesses the effects of (1) the Family-Supportive Supervisor Behavior (FSSB) and Sleep Leadership training and (2) sleep/cognitive effectiveness feedback intervention on health and well-being among full-time employees in the Oregon National Guard, their supervisors, and their families. The interventions involving both health protection and health promotion are expected to contribute to improvements in employees' and their supervisors' sleep, risk behaviors, mental and physical health, and injury, as well as employees' and their spouse/partners' family experiences, health and well-being, and workplace outcomes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Sleep; Health Behavior; Well-Being
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: FSSB/Sleep Leadership Training; Behavioral: Actigraphy Feedback

Detailed Description

The overall goal of the Military Employee Sleep and Health (MESH) study is to improve safety, health and well-being of service members in the Oregon National Guard and their families. The MESH Study seeks to do this by training supervisors to support Oregon National Guard service members by focusing on a reduction in work-life stress while increasing sleep health.

The Oregon MESH Study proposes that leadership can influence a fundamental change in the recognition of sleep health and service members' overall well-being and the well-being of their family members. With the support of the Oregon National Guard, the MESH Study will provide family-support and sleep leadership training for supervisors while raising awareness of sleep through daily non-invasive sleep measurements.

The investigators of the Oregon MESH Study expect positive results for study participants, including reduced stress and increased social support. Longer term, these effects are expected to create a more supportive work environment, which has positive effects on safety, health, well-being, family, and organizational outcomes. The investigators also expect that providing service members with individual sleep feedback will reduce sleep problems and improve sleep awareness.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 704
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97239
      • Oregon Health & Science University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Full-time employees in the Oregon National Guard, including Military Technicians and Active Guard Reserves.

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Supervisor Intervention; Supervisors in the intervention group will go through the FSSB/sleep leadership training and receive actigraphy feedback.	Behavioral: FSSB/Sleep Leadership Training; Supervisors will receive a training addressing family-supportive supervisor behaviors and sleep leadership.; Behavioral: Actigraphy Feedback; Supervisors and employees will receive personalized feedback on their sleep and activity measurements.
Experimental: Employee Intervention; Employees in the intervention group will receive actigraphy feedback.	Behavioral: Actigraphy Feedback; Supervisors and employees will receive personalized feedback on their sleep and activity measurements.
No Intervention: Waitlist Control; Supervisor training and actigraphy feedback provided AFTER final 9 month data collection.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Self-Reported Sleep Duration	Total number of hours calculated from reported bed time and wake time. Minimum 0 hours, Maximum 24 hours. Longer duration indicates longer sleep duration. Ideal range is 7-9 hours of sleep per night.	4 months
Self-Reported Sleep Duration	Total number of hours calculated from reported bed time and wake time. Minimum 0 hours, Maximum 24 hours. Longer duration indicates longer sleep duration. Ideal range is 7-9 hours of sleep per night.	9 months
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Sleep Disturbance Insomnia Subscale	Four item subscale of the larger 8 item Sleep Disturbance scale. Likert-type responses: 1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much). T-Scores were created using HealthMeasures Scoring service, where data are uploaded into the HealthMeasures scoring service website, which generates T-Scores. This is considered the most accurate option. T-Scores estimates were developed using a population of 2,252 participants, 259 of which had clinical sleep disorders, and was intended to be representative of the US population. This is the reference population that the T-score means and SDs were calibrated and centered with. The T-Scores that HealthMeasures generates are not precisely at a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 because they are based on the unique MESH samples. A higher PROMIS T-score represents more of the concept being measured (worse).	4 months
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Sleep Disturbance Insomnia Subscale	Four item subscale of the larger 8 item Sleep Disturbance scale. Likert-type responses: 1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much). T-Scores were created using HealthMeasures Scoring service, where data are uploaded into the HealthMeasures scoring service website, which generates T-Scores. This is considered the most accurate option. T-Scores estimates were developed using a population of 2,252 participants, 259 of which had clinical sleep disorders, and was intended to be representative of the US population. This is the reference population that the T-score means and SDs were calibrated and centered with. The T-Scores that HealthMeasures generates are not precisely at a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 because they are based on the unique MESH samples. A higher PROMIS T-score represents more of the concept being measured.	9 months
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Dissatisfaction With Sleep Subscale	Four item subscale of the larger 8 item Sleep Disturbance scale. Likert-type responses: 1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much. T-Scores were created using HealthMeasures Scoring service, where data are uploaded into the HealthMeasures scoring service website, which generates T-Scores. This is considered the most accurate option. T-Scores estimates were developed using a population of 2,252 participants, 259 of which had clinical sleep disorders, and was intended to be representative of the US population. This is the reference population that the T-score means and SDs were calibrated and centered with. The T-Scores that HealthMeasures generates are not precisely at a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 because they are based on the unique MESH samples. A higher PROMIS T-score represents more of the concept being measured (worse).	4 months
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Dissatisfaction With Sleep Subscale	Four item subscale of the larger 8 item Sleep Disturbance scale. Likert-type responses: 1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much). T-Scores were created using HealthMeasures Scoring service, where data are uploaded into the HealthMeasures scoring service website, which generates T-Scores. This is considered the most accurate option. T-Scores estimates for Dissatisfaction with Sleep were developed using a population of 2,252 participants, 259 of which had clinical sleep disorders, and was intended to be representative of the US population. This is the reference population that the T-score means and SDs were calibrated and centered with. The T-Scores that HealthMeasures generates are not precisely at a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 because they are based on the unique MESH samples. A higher PROMIS T-score represents more of the concept being measured (worse).	9 months
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Sleep Related Impairment Subscale (SRI)	8 item scale. Likert-type responses: 1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much). T-Scores were created using HealthMeasures Scoring service, where data are uploaded into the HealthMeasures scoring service website, which generates T-Scores. This is considered the most accurate option. T-Scores estimates for SRI were developed using a population of 2,252 participants, 259 of which had clinical sleep disorders, and was intended to be representative of the US population. This is the reference population that the T-score means and SDs were calibrated and centered with. The T-Scores that HealthMeasures generates are not precisely at a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 because they are based on the unique MESH samples. A higher PROMIS T-score represents more sleep impairment (worse).	4 months
Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): Sleep Related Impairment Subscale (SRI)	8 item scale. Likert-type responses: 1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much). T-Scores were created using HealthMeasures Scoring service, where data are uploaded into the HealthMeasures scoring service website, which generates T-Scores. This is considered the most accurate option. T-Scores estimates for SRI were developed using a population of 2,252 participants, 259 of which had clinical sleep disorders, and was intended to be representative of the US population. This is the reference population that the T-score means and SDs were calibrated and centered with. The T-Scores that HealthMeasures generates are not precisely at a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 because they are based on the unique MESH samples. A higher PROMIS T-score represents more sleep impairment (worse).	9 months
Actigraphic Sleep Duration: Total Sleep Time (TST)	Actigraphic measurements obtained using Actiwatch2 worn for 3 weeks Average sleep duration in hours Great duration generally better, with target range of 7-9 hours each sleep period.	9 months
Actigraphic Sleep Efficiency: Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)	Actigraphic measurements obtained using Actiwatch2 worn for 3 weeks Average number of minutes spent awake during the sleep period. More minutes indicates worse outcome.	9-months
Overall Job Satisfaction Scale	Service member satisfaction with current job; Likert-type scale 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree, mean created from the 3 items. Scores could range from 0-5 with higher levels indicating greater satisfaction. Source: Cammann et al., 1983	9-months
Turnover Intentions	Service member intention to quit current job; Two items with responses on Likert-type scale 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree. Overall score created with a mean of the two items, with higher levels indicating greater intention to leave one's job. Source: Boroff & Lewin, 1997	9-months
Perceived Stress Scale	Service member self-reported stress; Likert-type scale 0 = Never to 4 = Very often, combined to a mean score, with a possible range from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate greater stress (worse). Source: Cohen & Williamson, 1988	9-months
Walter Reed Functional Impairment: Occupational Subscale (OFI)	Service member difficulty with completing work tasks and quality; 6 items with Likert-type responses: 1 = No difficulty at all to 5 = Extreme difficulty, mean score created from all items, with possible score range from 1 to 5. Higher levels indicating greater impairment (worse). Source: Subscale of Overall Functional Impairment by Herrell et al., 2014	9-months
Walter Reed Functional Impairment Scale: Personal Functioning Subscale (PFI)	Service member difficulty with getting personal life skills completed; 2 items with Likert-type responses: 1 = No difficulty at all to 5 = Extreme difficulty, mean score created from all items, with possible score range from 1 to 5. Higher levels indicating greater impairment (worse). Source: Subscale of Overall Functional Impairment by Herrell et al., 2014	9-months
Walter Reed Functional Impairment Scale: Social Functional Impairment Subscale (SFI)	Service member difficulty functioning in social situations; 4 items with Likert-type responses: 1 = No difficulty at all to 5 = Extreme difficulty, mean score created from all items, with possible score range from 1 to 5. Higher levels indicating greater impairment (worse). Source: Subscale of Overall Functional Impairment by Herrell et al., 2014	9-months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (FSSB)	Perceived supervisor support for work-family integration as reported by service member, 4 items, with responses on Likert-type scale 1=Strongly disagree to 5= Strongly agree, overall score created by mean score, with possible scores ranging from 1 to 5.. Higher scores indicating higher levels of support (better) Source: Hammer et al., 2013	4-months
Sleep Leadership	Perceived supervisor support for sleep health as reported by service member, 8 items, with responses on Likert-type scale 1=Never to 5= Always, overall score created by mean score, with possible scores ranging from 1 to 5.. Higher scores indicating higher levels of support (better) Source: Modified version of Gunia et al., 2015	4-months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Oregon Health and Science University
• Collaborators: United States Department of Defense; Colorado State University; Portland State University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Leslie Hammer, PhD, Oregon Health and Science University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hobfoll, S. E., Vinokur, A. D., Pierce, P. F., & Lewandowski-Romps, L. (2012). The combined stress of family life, work, and war in Air Force men and women: A test of conservation of resources theory. International Journal of Stress Management, 19(3), 217-237.

Helpful Links

• Sleep Disturbance Scale
• Sleep-Related Impairment Scale

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 21, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 22, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): December 4, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 19, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2016
• First Posted (Estimated): October 27, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 12, 2024
• Last Verified: November 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Sleep; Actigraphy; Psychological Health; Well-Being; Employee; Physical Health
• Other Study ID Numbers: W81XWH-16-1-0720

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No