Evaluation of Glycaemic Control Using GlucoTab® With Insulin Degludec in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Pilot Study to Evaluate Glycaemic Control Using GlucoTab® With Insulin Degludec and Aspart in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

The GlucoTab® system is a computerized decision support system built of an android based front-end user interface and a backend server including the REACTION algorithm. GlucoTab® is able to process blood glucose data and physiological confounders of glycaemia. Subsequently, GlucoTab® provides patient-specific basal, bolus, and correction insulin doses together with visualization and documentation of relevant data. The GlucoTab® system was found capable to keep hospitalized diabetic patients in the recommended target range without increasing the risk for hypoglycaemic events. Insulin pharmacokinetic is a critical confounder of glycaemic variability and the main determinant of an algorithm-based decision support-system. GlucoTab® is intended for being used with a basal/bolus insulin regimen. Up to date, feasibility data are limited to the use of insulin glargine.

Insulin degludec, an ultra-long acting basal insulin is characterized by a stable pharmacokinetic profile a half-life of ~25 hours. It was found equally effective to insulin glargine with respect to glycaemic control, while the incidence of (nocturnal) hypoglycaemia was smaller in patients treated with insulin degludec. Within the present study, insulin glargine will be replaced by insulin degludec, which is not yet approved for dose titration with GlucoTab®.

In the present study, 15 non-critically ill T2DM patients, who were hospitalized at the University Clinic of Neurosurgery for various reasons and require insulin treatment will be recruited. Patients will be treated with insulin Tresiba and insulin Novorapid. For a maximum duration of 21 days, GlucoTab® will calculate the required insulin doses for each patient, depending on fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose measurements during the day. After the calculated Insulin dose has been approved by the physician, the nursing staff will give the dose to the respective patient.

The present study will analyse the efficacy of GlucoTab® for glycaemic management in T2DM patients using insulin degludec.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: GlucoTab; Drug: Insulin Degludec

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 15
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Berne, Switzerland, 3010
    • Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Clinical Nutrition & Metabolism, University Hospital Berne, Switzerland

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Written informed consent after being advised of every detail of the study
• Male or female sex
• Aged ≥ 18 years
• Known history of diabetes of at least 90 days
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with either diet alone or any combination of oral antidiabetic agents and the absence of diabetic ketoacidosis for at least 90 days.
• HbA1c 6.5 - 10.0%

Exclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Gestational diabetes mellitus
• Pregnancy or currently breast-feeding women
• Known or suspected allergy to insulin degludec and/or insulin aspart
• Continuous parenteral nutrition
• Participation in another trial which may in the opinion of the investigator interfere with the software algorithm
• Any mental condition rendering the patient incapable of giving informed consent
• Any disease or condition which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with the trial performance and/or the physical and/or psychosocial safety of the study participant
• Critically ill patients

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: GlucoTab Treatment Arm; Recruited patients will be treated with insulin degludec and insulin aspart. insulin doses will be calculated by the GlucoTab system

Device: GlucoTab; The GlucoTab® system is a computerized decision support system built of an android based front-end user interface and a backend server including the REACTION algorithm. GlucoTab® is able to process blood glucose data and physiological confounders of glycaemia. Subsequently, GlucoTab® provides patient-specific basal, bolus, and correction insulin doses together with visualization and documentation of relevant data. Insulin doses of recruited patients will be calculated by the GlucoTab System for at least 48 hours and a maximum duration of 21 days.; Drug: Insulin Degludec; During the study, patients will be treated with basal Insulin degludec

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood Glucose in target range in percent	We measure mean percentage of blood glucose measurements in the target range of ≥5.6 mmol/l ≤7.8 mmol/l.	during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Random blood glucose <9.9 mmol/l in percent	We measure random daily blood glucose concentrations <9.9 mmol/l as calculated by all pre-prandial and bedtime glucose values measured ≥24 hours after start of insulin therapy	during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes (defined as symptomatic or asymptomatic hypoglycaemia requiring third party help)		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Number of overall hypoglycaemic episodes defined as any measurement of capillary glucose concentrations ≤3.9 mmol/l with or without symptoms related to low blood glucose, according to the current definition of the American Diabetes Association (ADA)		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Number of blood glucose measurements per day		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Number of missed blood glucose measurements		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Number of additionally required blood glucose measurements		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Correction factor insulin dose per day	As calculated by GlucoTab	during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Basal factor insulin dose per day	As calculated by GlucoTab	during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Bolus insulin dose per day	As calculated by GlucoTab	during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Number of insulin injections per day		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Number and reasons for non-performance of insulin injections per day		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Adherence to the insulin dose suggestion of the GlucoTab® system		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Mean daily blood glucose as calculated by pre-meal and bedtime blood glucose values: Overall and per treatment day		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Mean pre-bedtime blood glucose		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Mean pre-breakfast blood glucose		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Mean pre-lunch blood glucose		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Mean pre-dinner blood glucose		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose <2.2 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose between 2.201-<3.9 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose between 3.901-<5.5 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose between 5.501- <7.8 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose between 7.801-< 9.9 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose between 9.901-<16.6 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Blood glucose ≥16.601 mmol/l in percent		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)
Time of glucose measurements derived from CGM in the following ranges: 0-<2.2 mmol/l, 2.201-<3.9 mmol/l, 3.901-<5.5 mmol/l, 5.501-<7.8 mmol/l, 7.801-<9.9 mmol/l, 9.901-<16.6 mmol/l, ≥16.601 mmol/l		during the treatment period (at least 48 hours but maximal 21 days per patient)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital Inselspital, Berne
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Markus Laimer, Prof. MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Clinical Nutrition & Metabolism, Universitsy Hospital Bern, Switzerland

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• The developers Homepage
• Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition & Metabolism
• University Clinics of Neurosurgery

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 30, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 30, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): January 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 15, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 21, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): January 2, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 16, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 13, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: GlucoTab, Tresiba, Type 2 Diabetes
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Insulin
• Other Study ID Numbers: UDEM_GlucoTab

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No