Effect of Different Techniques of Recovery in Para-athletes

Effect of Different Techniques of Recovery After Fadiga in Para-athletes

Para-athletes are submitted and intense efforts in training and competitions that often overlap in days and weeks. In this sense, and in the search for better brands and indexes, it is necessary to use recovery methods that allow less late muscle pain and better physical performance. Recovery methods are widely used in athletes of various modalities, however there are no studies that point out their effects on para-athletes. This highlights the need for studies on this topic. Paragliding athletes, who train at the Londrina Yacht Club, Londrina Canoeing and Rowing School, who present paraplegia after spinal cord injury, with motor level T10 or lower, without any problem of thermoregulation will participate in the study. All were male and female, with no complaints of musculoskeletal pain or history of upper limb muscle injuries in the last six months and with the same demand for training and competitions. Initially an evaluation will be performed where 1RM, VO2 max, pain, spasticity, body temperature, heart rate variability and electromyographic signal of the involved muscles will be tested. After three days they will be induced to fatigue through a protocol in the traction exercise and immediately directed to one of the 3 intervention groups: ice pack, immersion in cold water or rest. The same baseline evaluations will be repeated after 24, 48 and 72 hours. It is expected that the group submitted to immersion in cold water presents better parameters for pain and sports performance.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Pain; Recruitment
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: immersion; Other: ice pack; Other: rest

Detailed Description

Athletes who agree to participate in the study will sign the ICF and will respond to the questionnaire to characterize the sample. All procedures will be carried out at the Londrina Canoeing and Rowing School, where athletes are trained.

In the sequence the athlete will be submitted to the test of a maximum repetition (1RM) of the exercise of traction with the upper limbs, which is specific for canoeing.

This will be performed with the athlete positioned in a decubitus position and well positioned. In the following, it will be advised to lift the bar with load determined by the athlete as adequate to carry out the movement, in case of carrying out the movement with ease and without compensations of other parts of the body the load will increase until the athlete is no longer able to perform the movement with quality, and then the maximum load determined as the one in which it was able to perform the complete movement for the last time.

On the first day of collection, the maximum VO2 test will be performed, where the athlete will perform a test of 8 to 12 minutes where a progressive load will be introduced until the athlete reaches his maximum oxygen consumption and is no longer able to continue the test.

After three days the athlete will return to the collection site to perform the tests in three moments:

1. At rest (lying supine on a stretcher):

   • HR variability
   • VO2
   • Resting body temperature
   • Assessment of spasticity by the Ashworth scale
   • Borg Fatigue Scale.
   • EVA
   • pressure pain threshold (LDP)

2. During simulation of the paddle on the K1 ergometer (figure 2), which will be held for 6 minutes at comfortable pace, where the last minute data will be used:

   • IN G
   • VO2
   • HR variability After the end of the evaluations, the athlete will be submitted to the fatigue protocol where he will be guided, to perform the maximum movements of the traction exercise with load referring to 60% of the 1RM, twice, with interval of 1 minute between them.

Then it will be taken to another place, near the collection room for randomization, by means of a draw in a sealed and opaque envelope in one of the three study groups:

• Cold water immersion: The athlete will remain submerged in a "Cryo Control - Ice Bath Systems®" bathtub, which allows filtration and maintenance of constant water temperature, and shoulder blade water for 15 minutes in the water at 15 degrees Celsius.
• Ice pack: The athlete will remain for 20 minutes with plastic packets of 500 grams of ice each, in the region of the evaluated muscles.
• Control: Group in which the athlete will be instructed to remain seated in a comfortable position, at rest, for 20 minutes.

The randomization and execution of the protocols will be carried out in environments that the evaluators do not have vision or access, to favor the blindness of the evaluations.

After termination of the intervention protocol, the athlete will be instructed to maintain routine sleep and feeding activities with the rest of the team, but without participation in any type of training or physical activity for the next 3 days.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 21
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 35 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• paraplegia after spinal cord injury, with motor level T10 or lower, without any problem of thermoregulation
• athletes of the modality paracanoagem, that train in the Yacht Club of Londrina, in the School of canoagem and rowing of Londrina

Exclusion Criteria:

• cold allergies
• upper limb surgery in the last six months
• scarring or skin lesions
• peripheral vascular perfusion abnormalities
• viral conditions (such as colds or flu)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Immersion in cold water; The athlete will remain submerged in a "Cryo Control - Ice Bath Systems®" bathtub, which allows filtration and maintenance of constant water temperature, and shoulder blade water (Getto and Golden, 2013) for 15 minutes in the 15 degrees Celsius (Machado et al, 2016).	Other: immersion; cold water immersion
Active Comparator: Ice pack; The athlete will remain for 20 minutes with plastic packets of 500 grams of ice each, in the region of the evaluated muscles.	Other: ice pack; ice packs through the body
Sham Comparator: Control; Group in which the athlete will be instructed to remain seated in a comfortable position, at rest, for 20 minutes.	Other: rest; seated rest

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
evolution of muscular pain	late muscle pain will be assessed at various times to detect changes caused by fatigue will be analyzed through the threshold of pressure pain, in view of the induction of pain caused to the study, the pain will be monitored at various times	pre, immediately after, after 24, 48 and 72 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
oxygen consumption	will be analyzed the percentage of maximum VO2 used for a given task by means of gas analyzer	pre, immediately after, after 24, 48 and 72 hours
spasticity	by ashworth scale	pre, immediately after, after 24, 48 and 72 hours
muscle recruitment	with electromyography during rowing task	pre, immediately after, after 24, 48 and 72 hours
heart rate variability	by polar, during the paddling activity	pre, immediately after, after 24, 48 and 72 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ihsan M, Watson G, Abbiss CR. What are the Physiological Mechanisms for Post-Exercise Cold Water Immersion in the Recovery from Prolonged Endurance and Intermittent Exercise? Sports Med. 2016 Aug;46(8):1095-109. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0483-3.
• Price MJ. Thermoregulation during exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Sports Med. 2006;36(10):863-79. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636100-00005.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): July 25, 2020
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): October 20, 2020
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 20, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 18, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 6, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): February 13, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 27, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 23, 2020
• Last Verified: January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: cryotherapy; physiotherapy; sports for people with disabilities; immersion therapy
• Other Study ID Numbers: Fadiga in para-athletes

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No