Role of Sorcin and Annexin A3 in Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. One in eight women in the United States will develop the illness in their lifetimes. In Egypt, 37.7% of total cancer cases among women is breast cancer. A locally advanced disease is very common and total mastectomy is the most commonly performed surgery. Screening methods and adjuvant therapy following surgery led to a remarkable decrease in mortality.

Reliable prognostic and predictive markers are needed to guide the selection of the most appropriate adjuvant therapies for individual patients with breast cancer. In fact, a shift from defining the cancer patients who should receive chemotherapy on the basis of their prognostic characteristics to defining the patients who are likely to benefit most from this modality of adjuvant treatment is currently taking place. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, therefore, is a prerequisite for the development of novel cancer therapies.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Breast Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Genetic: Sorcin gene expression; Other: Annexin A3 serum mesurement

Detailed Description

Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment in recent years, traditional treatments (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy) are always limited by the resistance of some tumor cells, thus forcing researchers to continue to look for new therapeutic approaches and targets. Soluble resistance-related Calcium-binding protein (Sorcin) is a penta-EF hand calcium binding protein, which participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in cells and has molecular mass of 22 kDa. The EF-hand is a common helix-loop-helix structural motif used by proteins to bind calcium. Most proteins are endowed with an even number of EF-hands, which are usually structurally and functionally paired. The penta-EF hand (PEF) family includes sorcin, calpains, programmed cell death protein 6 (PDCD6), peflin and grancalcin.

High sorcin regulates the calcium channels and exchangers located at the plasma membrane and at the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and allows high levels of calcium in the ER to be maintained, preventing ER stress and the unfolded protein response, and increases escape from apoptosis. The 18-kDa variant of sorcin is regulated by Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein upregulated in several human tumors which controls sorcin folding and expression. Conversely, sorcin silencing activates apoptotic proteases as caspase-3 and caspase-12 results in major defects in mitosis and cytokinesis, blocks cell cycle progression in mitosis, increases the number of rounded polynucleated cells and induces apoptosis and cell death shifting the equilibrium between cell life and cell death towards proliferation in MDR cancer cells overexpressing sorcin.

Sorcin is highly expressed in the heart, brain and breast and overexpressed in many cancer cells. The gene for sorcin (SRI) spans about 21.9 kb of human genomic DNA. The gene is located in chromosome 7q21. Sorcin gene is in the same amplicon as other genes involved in the resistance to chemotherapeutics in cancer cells (multi-drug resistance, MDR) such as the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB4 and ABCB1 (Mdr1, or P-glycoprotein 1).

Annexins are a family of intracellular proteins that bind membrane phospholipids in a Calcium concentration-dependent manner. The human genome encodes for 12 different annexins varying in expression and distribution within the tissues. Some of these are ubiquitously expressed (A1, A2, A5, A6, and A7), while some are selective (A3, A8, A9, A10, and A13). Several annexins play important roles during tumor progression. However, little is known about the clinical implications and biological functions of Annexin A3 (ANXA3) in breast cancer. ANXA3 has a role in cell differentiation, cell migration, immune regulation.

The ANXA3 gene is located on human chromosome 4q13-q22 and encodes a protein of 323 amino acid residues. Annexin A3 participates in various tumor-associated biological processes, including tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and is associated with chemotherapy resistance.

ANXA3 is expressed and secreted by neoplastic mammary cells, and its inhibition halts migration in breast cancer cells. The expression of Annexin A3 in human breast carcinoma closely correlated with tumor size and axillary lymph node metastasis. Elevated serum levels of ANXA3 protein were due to its increased secretion from neoplastic breast cells into the systemic circulation. There is inverse correlation between Annexin A3 expression and overall breast cancer patient survival. Moreover, Annexin A3 might be a novel and potential prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer and is involved in regulating apoptosis by affecting the Bcl-2/Bax balance. It promote the transcription of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and downregulate the proapoptotic gene BAX.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 80

Contacts and Locations

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 75 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

breast cancer patients

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• breast cancer patients before surgery who are admitted to the South Egypt Cancer Institute, Surgery Department, Assiut University

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Patients with malignancies elsewhere in the body.

  • Patients with chronic cardiac diseases.
  • Getting neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Renal disease.
  • Neurodegenerative disease.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Breast cancer patients; The present study will be carried on 50 breast cancer patients before surgery. The followings markers must be estimated: Sorcin gene expression using real time PCR and Annexin A3 serum mesurement using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA).	Genetic: Sorcin gene expression; Sorcin gene expression Will be measured by real time PCR; Other: Annexin A3 serum mesurement; serum mesurement of Annexin A3 by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)
Healthy controls; The present study will be carried on 15 age and sex matched controls. The followings markers must be estimated: Sorcin gene expression using real time PCR and Annexin A3 serum mesurement using ELISA.	Genetic: Sorcin gene expression; Sorcin gene expression Will be measured by real time PCR; Other: Annexin A3 serum mesurement; serum mesurement of Annexin A3 by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)
Benign breast diseases; The present study will be carried on 15 patients with benign breast diseases. The followings markers must be estimated: Sorcin gene expression using real time PCR and Annexin A3 serum mesurement using ELISA.	Genetic: Sorcin gene expression; Sorcin gene expression Will be measured by real time PCR; Other: Annexin A3 serum mesurement; serum mesurement of Annexin A3 by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Role of SORCIN in patients with breast cancer	genetic expression of SORCIN new biomarker in breast cancer patients	1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Role of annexin A3 biomarker in with breast cancer patients	serum measurement of annexin A3 in breast cancer patients	1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Assiut University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Zeeneldin AA, Ramadan M, Elmashad N, Fakhr I, Diaa A, Mosaad E. Breast cancer laterality among Egyptian patients and its association with treatments and survival. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2013 Dec;25(4):199-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jnci.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
• Cubasch H, Joffe M, Ruff P, Dietz D, Rosenbaum E, Murugan N, Chih MT, Ayeni O, Dickens C, Crew K, Jacobson JS, Neugut A. Breast conservation surgery versus total mastectomy among women with localized breast cancer in Soweto, South Africa. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 10;12(8):e0182125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182125. eCollection 2017.
• Colotti G, Poser E, Fiorillo A, Genovese I, Chiarini V, Ilari A. Sorcin, a calcium binding protein involved in the multidrug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. Molecules. 2014 Sep 5;19(9):13976-89. doi: 10.3390/molecules190913976.
• Kim JY, Jung EJ, Park HJ, Lee JH, Song EJ, Kwag SJ, Park JH, Park T, Jeong SH, Jeong CY, Ju YT, Lee YJ, Hong SC. Tumor-Suppressing Effect of Silencing of Annexin A3 Expression in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018 Aug;18(4):e713-e719. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.11.009. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ANTICIPATED): January 20, 2019
• Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED): August 1, 2019
• Study Completion (ANTICIPATED): September 30, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 8, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 23, 2018
• First Posted (ACTUAL): July 26, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): January 9, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 8, 2019
• Last Verified: January 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Breast cancer, SORCIN, Annexin A3
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: Breast Cancer

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No