Efficacy of Convulsive Therapies for Bipolar Depression (CORRECT-BD)

Cognitive Outcomes and Response/Remission Efficacy of Convulsive Therapies for Bipolar Depression: the CORRECT-BD Trial

This trial aims to assess the efficacy and tolerability of Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) as an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for Bipolar Disorder (BD). Research indicates that the prevalence of treatment resistance in bipolar depression is twice that of unipolar depression. The limited effectiveness of current treatments for bipolar depression coupled with the medical and economic burden associated with the disorder engenders a need for novel therapeutic interventions that can provide greater response and remission rates.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bipolar Disorder; Bipolar Depression; Bipolar I Disorder; Bipolar II Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST); Device: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Detailed Description

The study will involve a randomized, double blind, non-inferiority clinical trial with two treatment arms conducted in three academic institutions (the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto, Ontario; the Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences in Whitby, Ontario; and University of British Columbia (UBC) Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia). The investigators are pursuing a non-inferiority clinical trial in an effort to compare MST to right unilateral ultrabrief pulse ECT (RUL-UB-ECT). Treatment will be administered two to three days per week. Depression symptoms will be assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD-24) and suicidality will be assessed with the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI). Remission will be defined as HRSD-24 < or = 10 and a > 60% decrease in scores from baseline on two consecutive ratings. Once a participant reaches remission, a second rating to confirm remission will be conducted immediately before their next scheduled treatment. If remission is confirmed, they will then be considered a completer of the acute treatment course. Remission of suicidal ideation is defined as a score of 0 on the SSI. Therefore, there will be no specific minimum number of treatments that patients must receive to be classified as remitters. However, patients who do not meet remission criteria after 21 treatment sessions will be considered non-remitters and will cease treatment sessions. This maximum treatment number was chosen allowing for the possibility that MST may require more treatment sessions to achieve remission, similar to RUL-UB ECT. The blind will not be broken to participants until the completion of the entire study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 76
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T2A1
      • UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia (UBC)
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6J 1H4
      • Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
    • Whitby, Ontario, Canada, L1N 5S9
      • Ontario Shores Centre For Mental Health Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients will be included if they:

1. are inpatients or outpatients;
2. are voluntary and competent to consent to treatment and research procedures according to ECT/MST attending psychiatrist;
3. have a MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview diagnosis, Version 6 (MINI-6.0) diagnosis of non-psychotic Bipolar Disorder (Type I or II)
4. are 18 years of age or older
5. have a baseline HRSD-24 score > 21;
6. are considered to be appropriate to receive convulsive therapy as assessed by an ECT attending psychiatrist and a consultant anaesthesiologist
7. are agreeable to keeping their current antidepressant treatment constant during the intervention;
8. are likely able to adhere to the intervention schedule;
9. meet the MST safety criteria;
10. If a woman of child-bearing potential: is willing to provide a negative pregnancy test and agrees not to become pregnant during trial participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients will be excluded if they:

1. have a history of MINI diagnosis of substance dependence or abuse within the past three months;
2. have a concomitant major unstable medical illness;
3. are pregnant or intend to get pregnant during the study;
4. have a MINI diagnosis of any primary psychotic disorder
5. have a MINI diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder deemed to be primary and causing more functional impairment than the depressive disorder
6. have probable dementia based on study investigator assessment;
7. have any significant neurological disorder or condition likely to be associated with increased intracranial pressure or a space occupying brain lesion, e.g., cerebral aneurysm;
8. present with a medical condition, a medication, or a laboratory abnormality that could cause a major depressive episode or significant cognitive impairment in the opinion of the investigator (e.g., hypothyroidism with low TSH, rheumatoid arthritis requiring high dose prednisone, or Cushing's disease);
9. have an intracranial implant (e.g., aneurysm clips, shunts, stimulators, cochlear implants, or electrodes) or any other metal object within or near the head, excluding the mouth, that cannot be safely removed;
10. require a benzodiazepine with a dose greater than lorazepam 2 mg/day (or equivalent benzodiazepine) or any anticonvulsant due to the potential of these medications to limit the efficacy of both MST and ECT;
11. are unable to communicate in English fluently enough to complete the neuropsychological tests;

12. have a non-correctable clinically significant sensory impairment (i.e., cannot hear or see well enough to complete the neuropsychological tests).

    These eligibility criteria are congruent with the criteria that have been used in the major ECT trials conducted during the past decade;

13. elevated mood, defined as a score of 20 or higher on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST); MST treatments will be administered using the MagPro MST with Cool TwinCoil.	Device: Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST); MST treatment will be administered using the MagPro MST with a Cool TwinCoil over the frontal cortex in the midline position using 100 Hz stimulation. The MST determination of seizure threshold will be done using 100% machine output applied at 100 Hz at progressively escalating train durations, commencing at 2 seconds and increasing by 2 seconds with each subsequent stimulation until an adequate seizure is produced. During subsequent sessions, one stimulation will be delivered using a train duration that is 4 seconds longer than the train duration at threshold (with a maximum train duration of 10 seconds). This will be performed under the effect of anesthesia. The treatment procedure is approximately 10 minutes, followed by a recovery period of approximately 30 minutes.; Other Names: MST
Active Comparator: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT); ECT treatments will be administered using the MECTA spECTrum 5000Q or MECTA Sigma	Device: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT); In the ECT arm treatment, the MECTA spectrum 5000Q machine will be used, which is an FDA approved device used for providing standard-of-care clinical ECT treatments. The ECT determination of seizure threshold and the adjustment of energy at subsequent sessions will be based on a standard published protocol. All participants will receive RUL-UB ECT at six times the seizure threshold under the effect of anesthesia. The treatment procedure is approximately 10 minutes, followed by a recovery period of approximately 30 minutes; Other Names: ECT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Remission (score </= 10) on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression - 24 (HRSD-24)	Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (24-item version): This scale is used to quantify the severity of symptoms of depression; Scale range: 0-76 (total score); Lower scores indicate lower severity of depressive symptoms (i.e., better outcome); Higher scores indicate higher severity of depressive symptoms (i.e., worse outcome)	Greater than 8 treatments (2.5 weeks)
Cognitive adverse effects as indexed by the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT)	Autobiographical Memory Test: - Interviewer-rated measure with 10 items that indexes autobiographical memory recall and specificity.	Greater than 8 treatments (2.5 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Improvement in symptom severity of Suicidal Ideation as measured by the Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI)	Scale for Suicidal Ideation: This scale is used to assess the presence or absence of suicidal ideation and the degree of severity of suicidal ideas; Scale range: 0 - 38 (total score); Lower scores indicate lower severity of suicidal ideation (i.e., better outcome); Higher scores indicate higher severity of suicidal ideation (i.e., worse outcome)	7 weeks
Number of self-reported and clinical-reported adverse events	Number of adverse events in both treatment arms	Up to 7 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
• Collaborators: University of British Columbia; Brain Canada; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Daniel Blumberger, MD, MSc, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Jiang J, Zhang C, Li C, Chen Z, Cao X, Wang H, Li W, Wang J. Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jun 16;6(6):CD013528. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013528.pub2.

Helpful Links

• Information about research at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada's largest mental health and addiction teaching hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 21, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 4, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): August 9, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 17, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 17, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): August 22, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): November 4, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 1, 2024
• Last Verified: November 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Depression; Bipolar Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Suicidal Ideation; Magnetic Seizure Therapy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Bipolar and Related Disorders; Mental Disorders; Behavioral Symptoms; Mood Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Bipolar Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: 015-2018

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No