Metabolic Availability of Methionine and Lysine From Rice, Wheat, Chickpea and Lentil in Adult Men

Application of the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique for the Determination of Metabolic Availability of Methionine and Lysine From Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas and Lentils, in Healthy Young Adult Men

The research study is being done so we can determine the quality of the protein present in Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas and Lentils. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and protein quality is determined by the amount of amino acids present and by their bioavailability (their absorption and use by the body). Some amino acids are essential which means they must be obtained from the diet. If any one of the essential amino acids is missing in the diet, the body cannot make proteins that are used to repair tissue build bone, teeth, etc… Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas and Lentils as a food source contain low amounts of the essential amino acid methionine (Chickpeas and Lentils) and lysine (Rice and Wheat) which makes its protein incomplete. The amino acids in Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas and Lentils are also affected by cooking. Our objective is to determine the amount of methionine in Rice and Wheat and the amount of lysine in Chickpeas and Lentils that the body can use.

This research is being done in order to bridge the gap between knowledge of protein requirement and the amount of food needed to meet that requirement. Results from this study will be important for recommendations guiding food choices of Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas and Lentils as a major protein source in the diet.

Previously the quality of dietary protein for human consumption was studied in animals. This study is being done in humans because studies in animals are not always directly applicable to humans. Plant protein sources like rice, wheat, chickpeas and lentils are important protein sources shown to "enhance ecosystem resilience, and improve human health.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Dietary Intakes

Detailed Description

If you agree to take part in this study, you will participate in 7 different experiments for each food. For each food you will receive 3 different amounts of Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas or Lentils which will contain different amounts of the essential amino acid methionine (Rice or Wheat) or lysine (Chickpeas or Lentils).

The quality of the protein in the Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas or Lentils will be compared to the quality of a reference protein (egg protein) by giving you 4 reference diets containing amino acids made up like the amino acids in egg protein. The amount of Rice, Wheat, Chickpeas or Lentils you receive will be provided in a random order.

Each experiments will be conduced over 3 days- 2 adaptation days where you will receive the diets at home, provided by the investigators and 1 study day. On the 3rd day (study day) you will visit the Clinical Research Center (CRC) at the Hospital for Sick Children where you will receive 9 hourly meals. Breath samples will be collected after the 4th meal in 15 min intervals for 1 hour. Breath collection will resume again two and a half hours after the 5th meal every 15 minutes until 30 minutes after the last meal. A total of 52 breath samples will be collected during each of the 3rd study day.

Before the study begins, you will visit the CRC at the Hospital for Sick Children for a baseline study assessment. At that time your body composition (fat and fat-free mass) will be measured and your resting energy expenditure will be measured. This will tell us the amount of calories your body need so we can prepare the diets for you for each experiment. This baseline assessment takes about 2 hours.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 7
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G1X8
      • The Hospital for Sick Children

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 49 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male, age 18 - 49 yrs, Healthy with no known clinical condition which would affect protein or AA metabolism, ex. Diabetes, Stable Body Weight (no more than 5 lb weight loss or gain in the past 3 months) Not on any medications that could affect protein or amino acid metabolism e.g. steroids

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unwillingness to participate or unable to tolerate the diet Recent history of weight loss within the last 3 months or on a weight reducing diet Inability to tolerate study diets (ex. Allergy to ingredients).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Methionine bioavailability in Rice; Participants will be seen initially for pre-study assessment (3 hour). They will then be studied for up to 7 times. You could be expected to participate in up to 7 different sets of experiments which will take 8 weeks to 6 months. Each set of experiment consists of a 3 day period. During the first 2 days (Adaptation Days) you will be expected to consume 4 meals per day consisting of a protein liquid drink and protein freecookies and/or Rice which will be provided by the investigators	Dietary supplement: Dietary Intakes; Four levels of methionine or lysine intakes will be provided by the reference protein drinks, 3 levels of methionine from rice and wheat bread and 3 levels of lysine from chickpeas and lentils
Experimental: Lysine bioavailability in Chickpeas; Participants will be seen initially for pre-study assessment (3 hour). They will then be studied for up to 7 times. You could be expected to participate in up to 7 different sets of experiments which will take 8 weeks to 6 months. Each set of experiment consists of a 3 day period. During the first 2 days (Adaptation Days) you will be expected to consume 4 meals per day consisting of a protein liquid drink and protein freecookies and/or Chickpeas which will be provided by the investigators	Dietary supplement: Dietary Intakes; Four levels of methionine or lysine intakes will be provided by the reference protein drinks, 3 levels of methionine from rice and wheat bread and 3 levels of lysine from chickpeas and lentils
Experimental: Methionine bioavailability in Wheat; Participants will be seen initially for pre-study assessment (3 hour). They will then be studied for up to 7 times. You could be expected to participate in up to 7 different sets of experiments which will take 8 weeks to 6 months. Each set of experiment consists of a 3 day period. During the first 2 days (Adaptation Days) you will be expected to consume 4 meals per day consisting of a protein liquid drink and protein freecookies and/or Wheat bread which will be provided by the investigators	Dietary supplement: Dietary Intakes; Four levels of methionine or lysine intakes will be provided by the reference protein drinks, 3 levels of methionine from rice and wheat bread and 3 levels of lysine from chickpeas and lentils
Experimental: Lysine bioavailability in Lentils; Participants will be seen initially for pre-study assessment (3 hour). They will then be studied for up to 7 times. You could be expected to participate in up to 7 different sets of experiments which will take 8 weeks to 6 months. Each set of experiment consists of a 3 day period. During the first 2 days (Adaptation Days) you will be expected to consume 4 meals per day consisting of a protein liquid drink and protein freecookies and/or Lentils which will be provided by the investigators	Dietary supplement: Dietary Intakes; Four levels of methionine or lysine intakes will be provided by the reference protein drinks, 3 levels of methionine from rice and wheat bread and 3 levels of lysine from chickpeas and lentils

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Metabolic availability of Methionine in Rice Apply the IAAO method to determine the MA of methionine in Canadian grown lentils prepared by moist cooking method.	Apply the IAAO method to determine the MA of methionine in rice method.	2 years
Metabolic availability of Methionine in Wheat	Apply the IAAO method to determine the MA of methionine in wheat bread	2 years
Metabolic availability of Lysine in Chickpeas	Apply the IAAO method to determine the MA of lysine in chickpeas	2 years
Metabolic availability of Lysine in Lentils	Apply the IAAO method to determine the MA of lysine in Canadian grown lentils	2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The Hospital for Sick Children
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Glenda Courtney-Martin, The Hospital for Sick Children

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Fakiha A, Tul-Noor Z, Paoletti A, Pencharz PB, Ball RO, Levesque CL, Elango R, Courtney-Martin G. Bioavailable Lysine, Assessed in Healthy Young Men Using Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation, is Greater when Cooked Millet and Stewed Canadian Lentils are Combined. J Nutr. 2020 Oct 12;150(10):2729-2737. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa227.
• Rafii M, Pencharz PB, Ball RO, Tomlinson C, Elango R, Courtney-Martin G. Bioavailable Methionine Assessed Using the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method Is Greater When Cooked Chickpeas and Steamed Rice Are Combined in Healthy Young Men. J Nutr. 2020 Jul 1;150(7):1834-1844. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa086.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 14, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 14, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): September 17, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 2, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 31, 2023
• Last Verified: May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Adults; Healthy; Men; Lysine; Methionine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1000061263

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No