The Validity and Reliability of the Four Square Step Test

The Validity and Reliability of the Four Square Step Test in Typically Developed Children

This study will evaluate concurrent and discriminative validity, reliability and level of agreement between the Timed Up & Go test and the four square step test in typically developed children.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Balance, Postural; Only Child
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: the Four Square Step test

Detailed Description

Participants will be assessed by two physiotherapists on two separate days. Prior to the trial, testing instructions to be delivered to participants will be translated and adapted into Turkish. In order to maximize potential agreement and to improve rating accuracy, reliability, and validity, assessment skills of the raters will be refreshed through training.

Administration of the tests will be performed in a corridor of the school. Assessments will be performed in a quiet and adequately lighted environment to minimize the distraction. Participants will be tested with their regular footwear. The demographic information of participants will be recorded. The dynamic balance performances on the four square step test (FSST) and the Timed up & Go test (TUG) will be assessed by Rater A and B independently and these assessments repeated 24-h later. The participants will be allowed to rest up to five minutes between sessions. A stopwatch will be used to measure time to complete the FSST and TUG test.

Evaluations of concurrent and discriminative validity will be based on mean scores from the first measurement of rater A. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) will be used to assess the concurrent validity of the FSST and TUG tests. Between-groups discriminative validity of the FSST will be evaluated by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test. Both intra- and inter-rater reliability will be assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). ICC2,1 and ICC2,2 estimates and their 95% confidence intervals will be calculated based on absolute-agreement. Bland & Altman plots will be constructed to demonstrate agreement between TUG and FSST, and between assessments of rater A and B.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 150

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara, Turkey
    • 1. Eastern Mediterranean University Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 5 years to 10 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Typically developed children between the ages of 5-10 in Cihangir-Düzova Elementary School in Famagusta, North Cyprus.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 5 to 10 years,

Exclusion Criteria:

• have musculoskeletal or neurological disorders,
• have history of surgeries of the spine or orthopedic,
• have uncorrected visual acuity.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Other
• Time Perspectives: Other

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Four Square Step test	Assessing of the dynamic balance in typically developed children. A square will be formed by using four 90 cm long canes placed on the ground. Instructions will be given and encouraged to complete the sequence as fast as possible without touching the canes. The sequence of trial was 1,2,3,4,1,4,3,2,1. The best time will be taken as the score of FSST which are completed successfully.	At baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Time Up and Go test	Assessing of the dynamic balance in typically developed children. A three meter pathway on the testing floor will be marked with red colored masking tape. The TUG will be administered using 2 standard chairs. The best time will be taken as the score of TUG which are completed successfully.	At baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Eastern Mediterranean University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Emine H Tüzün, Prof. PhD., Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,; Principal Investigator: Levent Eker, Assist.Prof., Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,; Principal Investigator: Selma Uzuner, MSc.,PT., Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,; Principal Investigator: Buse Sezerel, MSc.,PT., Girne Akçiçek Hospital; Principal Investigator: Hayriye Tomaç, MSc.,PT., Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,; Principal Investigator: Serpil Mıhçıoğlu, MSc.,PT., Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation,; Principal Investigator: Wayne Dite, BAppSci (PE), Austin Hospital Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Center, Kew, Vic, Australia

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 30, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 15, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): July 30, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 1, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 1, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): October 3, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 1, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 30, 2019
• Last Verified: September 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: ETK00-2018-0202

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No