Smoking Dependence and Periodontitis

Smoking Dependence (Fagerström) as a Relevant Indicator for Tobacco Related Studies in Periodontology.

The present study was designed as a, single-center, prospective cohort study focusing on the relationship between smoking status and the severity of periodontitis

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking; Periodontitis

Detailed Description

The present study was designed as a, single-center, prospective cohort study focusing on the relationship between smoking status and the severity of periodontitis.

The research question was " How the Fagerström for nicotine dependence (FTND) and the number of cigarette cunsuption (NNC) are correlated to the severity of chronic periodontitis"? Thirty-four consecutive smoker patients presenting a chronic periodontitis were included in the study, and the smoking status was defined both by NCC and FTND.

Periodontal clinical parameters were correlated with NCC and FTND.

All the clinical periodontal parameters were recorded by a single periodontist (L.S). Periodontal assessments included: probing depth (PD), gingival recession (RD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque score index (PI), Furcation (Furc), tooth mobility and the percentage of sites of PD ≥ 6mm. A graduated manual periodontal probe was used to take measurements at the 6 sites of each tooth. BOP (%) and plaque score (%).

All the participants of the study respected the following inclusion criteria: 1/ smoker patients aged of minimum 18 years old, 2/ chronic periodontitis, 3/ presence of a minimum of 6 teeth at each arch, 4/ a minimum of 6 teeth with pocket depth of 5 mm, 5/ signed the informed consent. The exclusion criteria were: 1/ aggressive periodontitis, 2/ diabetes, 3/ connective tissue disease, 4/ pregnancy, 5/ radio-therapy, 6/ chemotherapy, 7/ psychological disease, 8/ previous periodontal therapy.

The patient smoking status was defined by FTND and NCC FTND scores were categorized in 3 groups

• scores < 4 for low nicotine dependence,
• scores = 4-5 for moderate nicotine dependence
• scores > 5 for high nicotine dependence.

The NCC s was classified in three levels of smokers as described in most of the periodontal studies:

• Number of cigarette smoking ≤ 10 per day for low consumption
• Number of cigarette smoking from 10 to 20 per day for moderate consumption
• Number of cigarette smoking > 20 per day for high cigarette consumption

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 34

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

34 consecutive smoker patients presenting periodontitis were included from the Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery at the University of Liege, Belgium. All the participants of the study respected the aboveinclusion criteria

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• smoker patients aged of minimum 18 years old
• chronic periodontitis
• presence of a minimum of 6 teeth at each arch
• a minimum of 6 teeth with pocket depth of 5 mm
• signed the informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• aggressive periodontitis
• diabetes
• connective tissue disease
• pregnancy
• radio-therapy
• chemotherapy
• psychological disease
• previous periodontal therapy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
effect of nicotine dependence level on periodontal outcomes	effect of nicotine dependence score on pocket depth (PD)	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Liege

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 3, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 22, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): April 3, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 3, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2019
• Last Verified: April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Periodontitis
• Other Study ID Numbers: File number: B707201419816

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No