Smoking and Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-1 and Initial Periodontal Therapy

The Effect of Smoking on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-1 Level Following Initial Periodontal Therapy in Chronic Periodontitis

A total of 40 patients with CP (20 smokers (S+CP) and 20 nonsmokers (S-CP)) and 40 periodontally healthy subjects (20 smokers (S+PH) and 20 nonsmokers (S-PH)), comprising 80 subjects, were included in this study. Baseline GCF samples were obtained from all subjects and clinical periodontal measurements, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI), were recorded. In patients who had received initial periodontal therapy, GCF samples were obtained and all clinical periodontal measurements were recorded again during the 6th-8th weeks. GCF PGRP-1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking, Cigarette
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Initial periodontal therapy

Detailed Description

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are one of the antimicrobial peptides that play a role in innate immunity and act against the bacterial cell wall. Smoking is the most important environmental risk factor for periodontitis. This study determined the effect of smoking on PGRP-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis (CP) following initial periodontal therapy.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 22 years to 56 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of severe chronic periodontitis
• Clinical diagnosis of periodontal health

Exclusion Criteria:

• have any systemic disease,
• to be alcohol consumer,
• to receive any periodontal therapy in the past 6 months,
• to take any drugs regularly
• to be pregnant and/or lactate.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Smokers with chronic periodontitis; Patients who had teeth with 30% periodontal bone loss, presence of at least two nonadjacent sites per quadrant with probing pocket depths of ≥5 mm, and bleeding on probing were assigned as chronic periodontitis group Patients who have smoked for at least 10 years and a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day were assigned as current smokers.	Other: Initial periodontal therapy; Scaling and root planing and polishing with specific curettes were performed to patients with CP and oral hygiene education was provided to each patient.
EXPERIMENTAL: Non-smokers with chronic periodontitis; Patients who had teeth with 30% periodontal bone loss, presence of at least two nonadjacent sites per quadrant with probing pocket depths of ≥5 mm, and bleeding on probing were assigned as chronic periodontitis group Never smoked patients were included into the nonsmoker group	Other: Initial periodontal therapy; Scaling and root planing and polishing with specific curettes were performed to patients with CP and oral hygiene education was provided to each patient.
NO_INTERVENTION: Smokers with periodontal healthy; Individuals were diagnosed periodontally healthy as without attachment loss, periodontal disease history, whole mouth bleeding scores of <10% and a probing depth of ≤3 mm Patients who have smoked for at least 10 years and a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day were assigned as current smokers.
NO_INTERVENTION: Non-smokers with periodontal healthy; Individuals were diagnosed periodontally healthy as without attachment loss, periodontal disease history, whole mouth bleeding scores of <10% and a probing depth of ≤3 mm Never smoked patients were included into the nonsmoker group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in peptidoglycan recognition protein-1	Total amount of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-1 (µg) in gingival crevicular fluid	Baseline and 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in periodontal clinical parameter	Clinical attachment level (mm) (from cemento-enamel junction to the base of periodontal pocket)	Baseline and 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kırıkkale University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): August 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): July 1, 2017
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): November 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 11, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 14, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): April 16, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): April 16, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 14, 2019
• Last Verified: April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: smoking; Chronic periodontitis; gingival crevicular fluid; initial periodontal therapy; peptidoglycan recognition proteins
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Periodontitis; Chronic Periodontitis
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2016/026

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No