A Biomarker-directed Study of XPro1595 in Patients With Alzheimer's

Phase 1b Open-Label, Dose-Identification Study of XPro1595 in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Biomarkers of Inflammation.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety and target engagement of XPro1595 in Alzheimer's patients with biomarkers of inflammation.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Alzheimer Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: XPro1595

Detailed Description

The study is designed as a multicentre, phase 1b open-label study. The objectives of this study are to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer's disease and at least one of the following inflammatory biomarkers: high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or one Apolipoprotein E4 allele.

XPro1595 is a second-generation inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that selectively neutralizes soluble TNF, an inflammatory factor implicated in Alzheimer's pathology.

A key element of this study is to identify Alzheimer's patients that are most likely to benefit from XPro1595 treatment. Enrollment is limited to patients with evidence of inflammation. For instance, hs-CRP is an inflammatory biomarker elevated in the blood of some Alzheimer's patients and elevated CRP has been shown to predict response to TNF inhibitors in multiple other diseases.

Alzheimer's patients with elevated inflammatory biomarkers will be enrolled in a 12-week study to determine the safety and the ability of XPro1595 to reduce neuroinflammation using a combination of invasive and non-invasive biomarkers of inflammation. The study will identify the dose of XPro1595 to be used in a larger Phase II disease modification study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Australia
  • New South Wales
    • Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia, 2113
      • KaRa MINDS
  • Queensland
    • Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4101
      • Mater Medical Research Institute
  • South Australia
    • Woodville, South Australia, Australia, 5011
      • Central Adelaide Local Health Network
  • Victoria
    • Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004
      • Alfred Heath
    • Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3128
      • Eastern Clinical Research Unit

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18 years and above at screening;
2. Diagnosed with probable AD defined by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria;
3. Has hsCRP levels ≥1.5mg/L,OR HbA1c ≥ 6DCCT %, OR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) ≥10 mm/h, OR APOE4 positive (at least one APOE4 allele);
4. Female of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have confirmed negative urine pregnancy test at Screening;
5. All female of childbearing potential (FCBP) and male patients who are sexually active with a female of childbearing potential must agree to use a highly effective contraception during the treatment period and until 90 days after the last dose of treatment for sexually active males whose partners are FCBP or until 30 days after the last dose of treatment for FCBP.
6. Consents to having lumbar punctures;
7. Consents to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping(if status unknown);
8. Provide written informed consent prior to any study procedures being performed;
9. Has a caregiver who either lives in the same household or interacts withthe patient at least 4 hours per day and at least 4 days per week, who is knowledgeable about the participant's daytime and night-time behaviours and who canbe available to attend all clinic visits in personat which caregiver assessments are performed.Patients with caregivers that do not meet this criterionbut are determined by the investigator as able to provide an adequate assessment of the patient may also participate with prior approval from the sponsor.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, or antidepressant medication for less than 45 days from Day 1 (i.e. must be on stable dose for at least 45 days prior to Day 1);
2. Have taken within the last 45 days from Day 1; corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs, thalidomide or other TNF active drugs, minocycline.
3. Enrolled in another clinical trial where patients receive treatment with investigational drug or device or have received treatment on another AD clinical trial within the last 60 days from Day 1;
4. Unable to tolerate lumbar puncture or taking medicine where lumber punctures are contraindicated (anti-coagulants besides daily 100mg of aspirin);
5. A prior organ or stem cell transplant;
6. A major adverse cardiac event within 6 months before screening;
7. Lymphoma, leukaemia, or any malignancy within the past 5 years with the exception of malignancies with negligible risk of metastasis or death, such as basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas of the skin or cervical carcinoma in situ that have been resected with no evidence of metastatic disease for 3 years;
8. Jaundice, active hepatitis, or known hepatobiliary disease (except asymptomatic cholelithiasis);
9. Positive screening assessment for viral hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and positive HCV ribonucleic acid or human immunodeficiency virus, or a history of illicit drug injecting;
10. Seated blood pressure of ≥ 165/105 mmHg at screening;
11. Unable to comply with the study procedures and assessments;12.Known hypersensitivity to investigational product or its excipients;

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 0.3 mg/kg XPro1595; 0.3 mg/kg of XPro1595 will be administered via subcutaneous injection once a week for 12 weeks.	Drug: XPro1595; XPro1595 will be delivered by subcutaneous injection once a week; Other Names: INB03, DN-TNF, XENP345
Experimental: 1.0 mg/kg XPro1595; 1.0 mg/kg of XPro1595 will be administered via subcutaneous injection once a week for 12 weeks.	Drug: XPro1595; XPro1595 will be delivered by subcutaneous injection once a week; Other Names: INB03, DN-TNF, XENP345
Experimental: 0.6 mg/kg XPro1595; 0.6 mg/kg of XPro1595 will be administered via subcutaneous injection once a week for 12 weeks.	Drug: XPro1595; XPro1595 will be delivered by subcutaneous injection once a week; Other Names: INB03, DN-TNF, XENP345

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The number of patients with a treatment-emergent adverse event throughout 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Adverse events will be assessed by clinical and laboratory measures	12 weeks
The percentage of patients with a treatment-emergent adverse event throughout 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Adverse events will be assessed by clinical and laboratory measures	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes from baseline in high sensitivity C-reactive protein in the blood and cerebral spinal fluid following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	To compare changes in high sensitivity C-reactive protein	12 weeks
Changes from baseline in inflammatory cytokines in the blood and cerebral following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595 spinal fluid	To compare changes in Inflammatory cytokines; including but not limited to tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6	12 weeks
Changes from baseline in blood and cerebral spinal fluid levels of amyloid beta following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	To compare changes in amyloid in cerebral spinal fluid	12 weeks
Changes from baseline in cerebral spinal fluid levels of tau following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	To compare changes in tau in cerebral spinal fluid	12 weeks
Change from baseline in FreeWater content (edema) using magnetic resonance imaging following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	To compare changes in FreeWater content as a proxy of neuroinflammation following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	12 weeks
Change from baseline in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) provides a comprehensive measure of cognitive function. The maximum possible score is 30 and patients scoring below 23 are classified as having cognitive impairment as follows, mild (19 to 23), moderate (10 to 18), severe (below 9).	12 weeks
Change from baseline in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) is a cognitive test that consists of digit-symbol pairs. The patient records the corresponding symbol to each presented digit in 90 seconds. The total number of correct symbols is counted to provide a score between 0 and 133. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning.	12 weeks
Change from baseline in the Verbal Fluency Test following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	In the Verbal Fluency Test, patients are given a letter and asked to name as many words as they can that begin with that letter in 60 seconds. The number of correct responses is counted. A higher number of responses indicates better cognitive functioning.	12 weeks
Change from baseline in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) is a measure of frequency and severity of common psychiatric symptoms related to dementia using a 12-question measure. For each question, a score is given for frequency, severity and caregiver distress. Total scores range from 0 to 144. A higher score means greater neuropsychiatric disturbance.	12 weeks
Change from baseline in the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BALDS) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) is a questionnaire that measures the impact of Alzheimer's disease on daily activities using a 20-item questionnaire. Total scores range from 0 to 60. A higher score indicates a greater disturbance in daily living.	12 weeks
Change from baseline in the Memory-Enhanced Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment Observer Reported Global Impression of Improvement (MERET OBSRO-C) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Memory-Enhanced Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment Observer Reported Global Impression of Improvement (MERET OBSRO-C) evaluates caregivers' self-reports of treatment efficacy with self-prompted memory aids regarding their clinical experiences obtained prior to treatment initiation.	12 weeks
Evaluate changes in the Memory-Enhanced Retrospective Evaluation of Change from baseline Global Impression of Improvement (MERET PGI-C) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Memory-Enhanced Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment Patient Global Impression of Improvement (MERET PGI-C) evaluates patients self-reports of treatment efficacy with self-prompted memory aids regarding their clinical experience obtained prior to treatment initiation. Patient's global impression of (PGI-I) ratings will be obtained using a web-based interface prior to and following playback of impromptu patient recordings obtained prior to the start of treatment (MERET).	12 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline in Breath volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) following 12 weeks of treatment with XPro1595	Breath volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) is a non-invasive method of measuring biological processes in exhaled breath that can be used to inform on disease and treatment-related states.	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Inmune Bio, Inc.
• Collaborators: Alzheimer's Association
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Terrence O'Brien, MD, The Alfred

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• McAlpine FE, Lee JK, Harms AS, Ruhn KA, Blurton-Jones M, Hong J, Das P, Golde TE, LaFerla FM, Oddo S, Blesch A, Tansey MG. Inhibition of soluble TNF signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease prevents pre-plaque amyloid-associated neuropathology. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 Apr;34(1):163-77. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.01.006.
• Cavanagh C, Tse YC, Nguyen HB, Krantic S, Breitner JC, Quirion R, Wong TP. Inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha before amyloidosis prevents synaptic deficits in an Alzheimer's disease model. Neurobiol Aging. 2016 Nov;47:41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.009. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
• Sama DM, Mohmmad Abdul H, Furman JL, Artiushin IA, Szymkowski DE, Scheff SW, Norris CM. Inhibition of soluble tumor necrosis factor ameliorates synaptic alterations and Ca2+ dysregulation in aged rats. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e38170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038170. Epub 2012 May 29.
• MacPherson KP, Sompol P, Kannarkat GT, Chang J, Sniffen L, Wildner ME, Norris CM, Tansey MG. Peripheral administration of the soluble TNF inhibitor XPro1595 modifies brain immune cell profiles, decreases beta-amyloid plaque load, and rescues impaired long-term potentiation in 5xFAD mice. Neurobiol Dis. 2017 Jun;102:81-95. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Feb 24.

Helpful Links

• Related Info
• Part the cloud grant information - Alzheimer's Association

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 20, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 30, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 26, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 7, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): May 9, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 15, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 12, 2023
• Last Verified: June 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Biomarker; inflammation; TNF
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Dementia; Tauopathies; Alzheimer Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: XPRO1595-AD; 18PTC-R-592167 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Alzheimer's Association)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No