A Study of Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coated Socks in Prevention of Unpleasant Foot Odor

February 25, 2021 updated by: Mahidol University
This study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Introduction Pitted keratolysis is a common skin disease, caused by various gram-positive bacteria including Corynebacterium species, Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis and Actinomyces species. These bacteria create small tunnels in the stratum corneum, causing pitted lesions at plantar areas. This condition is frequent accompanied by feet malodor and is commonly found in young male adults, especially in soldiers, miners and athletes. The reported prevalence of pitted keratolysis among naval cadets in Thailand was 38.7%. Predisposing factors related to pitted keratolysis are pedal hyperhidrosis and prolonged feet occlusion. Although this condition is generally not painful, our previous study in 2018 revealed adversely affects patients' quality of life.

Regarding treatment modalities of pitted keratolysis, various medications and life-style modification have been recommended. Previous studies revealed efficacy of topical choices, including benzoyl peroxide gel, clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide gel, glycopyrrolate cream, erythromycin gel, clindamycin solution, chlorhexidine scrub4 and mupirocin ointment. Oral antibiotics and botulinum toxin injection were also beneficial in pitted keratolysis. As to life-style modification, wearing cotton socks and opened footwear, and proper hygiene, have also been suggested.

Previous studies demonstrated efficacy of zinc oxide in broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Thus, zinc oxide has been used in various medical and apparel industrial products. Moreover, Commander Choopong Chailark invented socks coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles and reported antibacterial property of those socks.

Objective The present study aimed to study the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor

Material and Methods First-year naval rating cadets, who had no pedal malodor were invited to enroll in this study. Consent was informed and obtained from all participants. Participants were assessed for behavioral risk factors and level of foot odor measured by a self-assessed visual analogue scale (VAS), using questionnaires. Subjects were randomly assigned either zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks or ordinary socks.During the study, using of other topical treatment such as topical antibiotics, antiperspirant or aluminum chloride was not allowed. Participants were advised to wear those socks every day and regularly washed thier socks. All were able to regularly participate in physical military training during the study. Two weeks after the study clinical examinations by dermatologists and the cadets' self-assessment questionnaires, including feet odor by using VAS, treatment satisfaction and adverse effects, were used to evaluate the effectiveness. Pitted lesions improvement at plantar areas, evaluated by dermatologists, was divided into no improvement, slight improvement (decrease of pitted lesions at feet for 1 level) and much improvement (decrease of pitted lesions at feet for at least 2 level). Data were analyzed using Predictive Analytics SoftWare Statistics version 18 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Duration of study: 4 months

Study design: Randomized control trial

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

124

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Thailand
      • Bangkok, Thailand, 10700
        • Department of Dermatology Siriraj Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • First-year naval rating cadets, who had no pedal malodor

Exclusion Criteria:

  • The cadets who previously received any topical treatment including topical antibiotic, antiperspirant or aluminum chloride within 6 months prior to the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks
62 patients with zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks
Other: zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks
zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks were given to subjects for 2 weeks
Placebo Comparator: placebo
62 patients with placebo socks
Other: placebo socks
placebo socks were given to subjects for 2 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of unpleasant foot odor
Time Frame: 2 weeks
Effectiveness was evaluated by the number of patients who had no or minimal foot odor after prevention
2 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Effectiveness of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated socks in prevention of fungal feet infection
Time Frame: 2 weeks
Effectiveness was evaluated by the number of patients who had no fungal feet infection after prevention
2 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Mahidol University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 26, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 1, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

February 25, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 26, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 26, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

June 27, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 1, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 25, 2021

Last Verified

February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • zincoxide_PK

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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