Emotion and Craving Regulation Among Individuals With Internet Gaming Disorders

Emotion and Craving Regulation Among Individuals With Internet Gaming Disorder: Cognitive Appraisal and Mindfulness Capacities

To investigate the potential deficits in emotion and craving regulation capacities of drug-naïve young adults with Internet gaming disorder as compared with healthy controls.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Internet Gaming Disorder; Emotion Regulation
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Emotion Regulation Task; Procedure: Craving Regulation Task

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in young adults' capacities of utilizing cognitive appraisal versus mindfulness to regulate negative emotions and/or craving in response to negative affective stimuli or gaming cues, respectively. This project will be conducted in Beijing, China.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Beijing
    • Beijing, Beijing, China, 100875
      • Beijing Normal University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Internet gaming disorders (IGD):

1, DSM-5 recommended diagnosis of Internet gaming disorder :

1. the scores of the 9 items of DSM-5 recommended diagnosis for Internet gaming disorder ≥ 5.
2. engagement in popular Internet games (e.g. Arena of Valor, League of Legends and Player Unknown's Battle Grounds) for over 20 hours per week for a minimum of 12 months.

2, the scores of the Y-IAT(Young-Internet addiction Test) ≥ 50

Healthy controls (HCs): DSM-5 scores less than 5 and less than 20 hours gaming time per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

current or history of use of illegal substances and gambling; current or history of psychiatric or neurological illness; current use of psychotropic medications; being left-handed.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: HCs on Emotion Regulation; Participants are screened using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), Young's online Internet addiction test (YIAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and so on. They are instructed to complete the emotion regulation task on the computer.	Procedure: Emotion Regulation Task; Participants are instructed to complete the emotion assessment after Look or Decrease the neutral or negative pictures. The "Decrease" asks the participants to use "cognitive reappraisal" or "mindfulness" strategies to decrease the intensity of emotion, whereas the "Look" asks the participants to look naturally at the picture. First, the "look" or "decrease" is displayed on the computer for 2 s. Then, a neutral or negative picture is presented on the screen for 7s. Finally, participants will rate the intensity of their emotion for 4s. Then, they have 1s-3s to relax before the next trial. In the meantime, Skin conductance activities will be recorded using a constant voltage with 1-cm 3 AgAg/Cl electrodes attached to the medial phalanx surfaces of the middle and index fingers of the nondominant hand.
EXPERIMENTAL: IGDs on Emotion Regulation; Participants are screened using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), Young's online Internet addiction test (YIAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and so on.They are instructed to complete the emotion regulation task on the computer.	Procedure: Emotion Regulation Task; Participants are instructed to complete the emotion assessment after Look or Decrease the neutral or negative pictures. The "Decrease" asks the participants to use "cognitive reappraisal" or "mindfulness" strategies to decrease the intensity of emotion, whereas the "Look" asks the participants to look naturally at the picture. First, the "look" or "decrease" is displayed on the computer for 2 s. Then, a neutral or negative picture is presented on the screen for 7s. Finally, participants will rate the intensity of their emotion for 4s. Then, they have 1s-3s to relax before the next trial. In the meantime, Skin conductance activities will be recorded using a constant voltage with 1-cm 3 AgAg/Cl electrodes attached to the medial phalanx surfaces of the middle and index fingers of the nondominant hand.
EXPERIMENTAL: IGDs on Craving Regulation; Participants are screened using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), Young's online Internet addiction test (YIAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and so on. They are instructed to complete the craving regulation task on the computer.	Procedure: Craving Regulation Task; Participants are instructed to complete the craving assessment after Look or Decrease the neutral or gaming pictures. The "Decrease" asks the participants to use "cognitive reappraisal" or "mindfulness" strategies to decrease the intensity of craving, whereas the "Look" asks the participants to look naturally at the picture. First, the "look" or "decrease" is displayed on the computer for 2 s. Second, a neutral or gaming picture is presented on the screen for 7s. Third, participants rate the intensity of their craving for 4s. Then, they have 1s-3s to relax before the next trial. In the meantime, Skin conductance activities will be recorded using a constant voltage with 1-cm 3 AgAg/Cl electrodes attached to the medial phalanx surfaces of the middle and index fingers of the nondominant hand.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Behavioral outcome	Participants' ratings of negative emotion and their skin conductance levels (SCL).	30- 40 minutes after training
Behavioral outcome	Participants' ratings of negative emotion and their skin conductance levels (SCL).	40- 60 minutes after training
Behavioral outcome	Participants' ratings of cravings and their skin conductance levels (SCL).	60- 80 minutes after training

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beijing Normal University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nan Zhou, PhD, Beijing Normal University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Yip SW, Gross JJ, Chawla M, Ma SS, Shi XH, Liu L, Yao YW, Zhu L, Worhunsky PD, Zhang J. Is Neural Processing of Negative Stimuli Altered in Addiction Independent of Drug Effects? Findings From Drug-Naive Youth with Internet Gaming Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 May;43(6):1364-1372. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.283. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
• Westbrook C, Creswell JD, Tabibnia G, Julson E, Kober H, Tindle HA. Mindful attention reduces neural and self-reported cue-induced craving in smokers. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Jan;8(1):73-84. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsr076. Epub 2011 Nov 22.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): September 26, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): March 30, 2020
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): May 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 23, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 28, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): October 1, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): January 27, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 25, 2021
• Last Verified: January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Emotion and craving regulation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Compulsive Behavior; Impulsive Behavior; Behavior, Addictive; Internet Addiction Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: ER&CR_IGD

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No