Acute Effects of Fitness Drink Formulas on Energy Expenditure and Fat Metabolism

The Acute Effects of Fitness Drink Formulas Containing 100 mg and 140 mg of Caffeine on Energy Expenditure and Fat Metabolism in Healthy Adults

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of consuming two different fitness drink formulas on the physiological response at rest and to exercise in healthy men and women.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Fatigue; Cognitive Change; Diet, Healthy; Caffeine; Fat Burn
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Fitness Drink Formula

Detailed Description

Thermogenic fitness drinks containing ~200mg of caffeine have been reported to accelerate the metabolism, increase energy, and consequently promote increased fat oxidation. However, determination of the efficacy of lower caffeine concentrations may provide additional options for individuals with preferences for reduced caffeine intake. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different fitness drink formulas containing a total of 100mg and 140mg of caffeine on the physiological response at rest and to exercise.

This study utilized a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All participants completed three testing visits during which they consumed the placebo, the 100mg caffeine formula, and the 140mg caffeine formula. Blood samples, blood pressure, heart rate, resting energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and neurocognitive assessments were collected at baseline and repeated 30, 60, and 90 minutes post-ingestion. Immediately following the last cognitive assessment, a maximal graded exercise test with gas analysis was conducted on a cycle ergometer to evaluate physical performance and maximal fat oxidation during exercise as well as the physiological response prior to and following exercise.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 56
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Orlando, Florida, United States, 32816
      • Kinesiology Laboratories

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 35 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Young adult men and women between the ages of 18 and 35 years old.
• Participant is deemed by the investigator to be healthy and free of any physical limitations determined by physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q+) and medical and activity history questionnaire (MHQ).
• Participants will be required to be recreationally-active (defined according to American College of Sports Medicine standards of at least 150 minutes exercise per week and verified by information provided in the MHQ).
• Participant is willing to abstain from dietary supplementation throughout the duration of the study as indicated in the Informed Consent.
• Participant understands the study procedures and signs forms providing informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability to perform physical exercise, as determined by the PAR-Q+.
• Any "Yes" response in the PAR-Q+.
• History of hypertension, metabolic, hepatorenal, musculoskeletal, autoimmune or neurological disease, as determined by the MHQ.
• Regular consumption of greater than 250 mg per day of caffeine
• Currently taking thyroid, antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive or androgenic medications.
• Taking any other nutritional supplement or performance-enhancing drug (determined from MHQ) that may interfere with the outcome variables of the study.
• Pregnancy (determined from MHQ).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 100mg Caffeine Formula; 10kcal drink containing a total of 100 mg of caffeine from a proprietary blend of caffeine, guarana, ginger, and green tea extract containing epigallocatechin gallate	Dietary supplement: Fitness Drink Formula; Single drink provided following baseline assessments
Experimental: 140mg Caffeine Formula; 10kcal drink containing a total of 140 mg of caffeine from a proprietary blend of caffeine, guarana, ginger, and green tea extract containing epigallocatechin gallate	Dietary supplement: Fitness Drink Formula; Single drink provided following baseline assessments
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Formula; non-caloric/non-caffeinated drink	Dietary supplement: Fitness Drink Formula; Single drink provided following baseline assessments

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in resting energy expenditure/substrate oxidation	Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry	Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion
Change in energy expenditure/substrate oxidation in response to exercise	Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry	>90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test)
Change in resting serum glycerol	Obtained from blood draw of the superficial forearm vein	Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion
Change in oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production in response to exercise	Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry	>90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test)
Change in resting minute ventilation	Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry	Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion
Change in minute ventilation in response to exercise	Estimates from gas exchange analysis via indirect calorimetry	>90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) screening	Measures from mood scale, go/no go test, Stroop test	Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion
Change in resting blood pressure response	Measured via automated blood pressure monitor	Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion
Change in resting heart rate/heart rate variability	Measured via chest-based heart rate monitor	Baseline, 30, 60, and 90 min post-ingestion
Change in heart rate/heart rate variability in response to exercise	Measured via chest-based heart rate monitor	>90 min post-ingestion (pre/peri/post maximal graded exercise test)
Change in power output	Obtained via cycle ergometer during the maximal graded exercise test	>90 min post-ingestion

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Central Florida
• Collaborators: Celsius Holdings, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: David Fukuda, PhD, University of Central Florida

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 8, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 28, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): November 28, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 29, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): July 2, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 2, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2020
• Last Verified: June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Fatigue
• Other Study ID Numbers: BIO-17-13679

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No