Brief Video Interventions for Depression

Building Mental Health Resilience in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In this study, we test brief video interventions for those with elevated depressive symptoms. We randomize participants to one of three conditions. (1) An entrée condition involving in-depth coverage a set of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) skills. (2) A sampler condition which introduces three sets of CBT skills. (3) A control condition involving no skills. Among those in the entrée condition, participants are further randomized to one of three CBT skills. We plan on two sets of primary comparisons. First, we will compare the effects of each form of video intervention (i.e., entrée and sampler) to the control condition. Second, we will compare the entrée and sampler conditions. We will recruit participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk program (MTurk). In the intervention conditions, participants will be asked to watch several videos and practice skills using worksheets. They will also be asked to practice skills introduced in the videos in the week following the intervention. In the control condition, participants will not watch videos. One week after the intervention, all participants will respond to a follow-up assessment.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Depressive Symptoms
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Entrée: Cognitive skills; Behavioral: Entrée: Behavioral skills; Behavioral: Entrée: Interpersonal skills; Behavioral: Sampler skills

Detailed Description

Access to the study will be provided via the MTurk website. Study measures and interventions will be provided via Qualtrics. To determine eligibility, participants will be asked to fill out a pre-screening measure of depressive symptoms, the Personal Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Those who score 10 or higher will be eligible. After consenting to participate, participants will fill out baseline measures, be randomly assigned to a condition, participate in any condition related procedures, and then respond to a follow-up assessment one week later.

Each brief intervention consists of watching a series of videos. After each video, participants in the intervention conditions will be prompted to answer a series of questions to practice the skills explained in the videos. For the entrée and sampler conditions, watching all videos and filling out any worksheets that are part of the initial intervention is expected to take approximately 30 minutes.

Participants in the entrée and sampler conditions will be asked to work on a coping skills worksheet over the next seven days (estimated to involve about 10 minutes of work). Participants will receive an email seven days after participating in the brief intervention, asking them to take part in the following portion of the study. Before beginning the follow-up activity, participants in the intervention conditions will be asked to upload the coping skills worksheet they worked on. All participants will be asked to respond to follow-up assessment measures at this point.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 655
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Department of Psychology

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Score above 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
• Are 18 years of age or older

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Entrée: Cognitive Skills	Behavioral: Entrée: Cognitive skills; In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering cognitive emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice identifying and evaluating their own thoughts using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.
Experimental: Entrée: Behavioral Skills	Behavioral: Entrée: Behavioral skills; In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering behavioral emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice scheduling activities that might give them a sense of pleasure or accomplishment using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to schedule and engage in behaviors in line with the intervention skills.
Experimental: Entrée: Interpersonal Skills	Behavioral: Entrée: Interpersonal skills; In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering interpersonal emotion regulation skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice communicating effectively using an intervention worksheet. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.
Experimental: Sampler Skills	Behavioral: Sampler skills; In this condition, participants view a video-based intervention covering three emotion regulation skills: cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal skills. This intervention asks participants to respond to questions and practice using skills using intervention worksheets. One week after the intervention, participants are asked to upload a worksheet showing their efforts to use the intervention skills.
No Intervention: Control; Participants are not given videos to watch until their involvement in the study ends.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report (QIDS-SR)	The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self Report is a 16-item self-report scale that measures depressive symptom severity. Scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms.	Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in the Ways of Responding Questionnaire (WOR)	The Ways of Responding Questionnaire is a measure of compensatory skills taught in CBT for depression. Participants respond to 6 hypothetical stressful situations in which their initial thoughts regarding the event are given. Quality scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater CBT skills.	Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline
Change in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, Version 3	The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, Version 3 is a 20-item self-report scale that measures subjective feelings of loneliness and isolation. Scores range from 20-80, with higher scores indicating greater subjective experience of loneliness.	Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline
Change in the Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire (SERQ)	The Styles of Emotion Response Questionnaire is a 36-item self-report scale that measures the extent to which respondents endorse four different domains of coping skills: cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, and mindfulness. For each item, participants are asked how often they use the strategy and how much feeling upset negatively impacts the use of this strategy. Scores from the first three skills are secondary outcomes. Scores range from 72-360, with higher scores indicating greater coping skill use. For the purpose of this study, we used the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Interpersonal scales. Scores in each subscale range from 18-90, with higher scores indicating greater coping skill use in that domain.	Baseline, 1-2 weeks after baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ohio State University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Daniel R Strunk, Ph.D., Ohio State University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 17, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 5, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): June 5, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 12, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): November 25, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 20, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 17, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Depression; Video intervention; Cognitive behavioral skills
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Depression
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2020B0326

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Results will be posted to clinicaltrials.gov within one year after completion of the final participant's participation in the clinical trial. Following initial publication, deidentified individual participant data (IPD) that underlie results in the primary outcome data reported will be available on reasonable request for 5 years after study completion.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: IPD will be available upon reasonable request within one year of primary outcome manuscript being published.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Proposals should be directed to Daniel R. Strunk at strunk.20@osu.edu

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No