Mindfulness Based Therapy for Insomnia in Black Women

The purpose of the study is to conduct an 8-week RCT to improve insomnia among black women with insomnia and evaluate its feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of Mindfulness Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI)

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Insomnia
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBTI); Behavioral: Healthy lifestyle intervention

Detailed Description

Study design is a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with attention control. Participants will be randomly assigned to participate in either Mindfulness Based Therapy for Insomnia (MBTI) or time and attention control. Participants in the experimental group will receive the MBTI that includes mindfulness meditation and behavioral strategies for sleep. Participants in the control group will receive healthy lifestyle education that includes healthy eating, physical activity and sleep hygiene practice to mitigate insomnia.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • Orange, Connecticut, United States, 06477
      • Yale University - West Campus

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 25 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• self-identified Black women
• 25-45 years old
• English speaking
• meeting DSM-5/ICSD3 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorders defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep with at least one associated daytime impairment symptom (Insomnia severity index > 7)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Psychosis or unstable/ significant depression, anxiety, or substance abuse under active care (more than 1 monthly mental healthcare visit or requiring more than 1 psychotropic medicine daily)
• significant current practice of any form of meditation (>15min per day)
• obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), or circadian rhythm related condition (shift worker, pregnancy, use of medication that influence circadian rhythm, e.g., Parkinson's disease)
• other medical conditions that confound salivary biomarkers outcomes (e.g., radiation of salivary glands, Cushing or Addison's disease)
• active or terminal cancer

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBTI); Participants randomly assigned to the MBTI will receive 2 hours weekly session of mindfulness meditation and behavioral sleep strategies for 8 weeks.	Behavioral: Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBTI); Participants randomly assigned to either the MBTI or healthy lifestyle intervention will receive 2 hours weekly session of mindfulness meditation and behavioral sleep strategies for 8 weeks.
Active Comparator: Healthy Lifestyle Education; Participants in the control group will receive sessions on the following topics: Introduction to health promotion, disease prevention and screening, healthy eating, physical activity, communication, and endings.	Behavioral: Healthy lifestyle intervention; Participants randomly assigned to either the MBTI or healthy lifestyle intervention will receive 2 hours weekly session of mindfulness meditation and behavioral sleep strategies for 8 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Retention	Retention will be measured in the study. The following information will be collected: percentage of participants completing baseline and follow-up assessments, reasons for dropouts	10 weeks
Enrollment	The refusal rate of enrollment will be used to measure enrollment to determine feasibility	10 weeks
Change in Fidelity	Fidelity: Self-report checklist by interventionists and observers. We will use the Treatment Fidelity Tool for Mindfulness Interventions.	Baseline and week 10
Change in Insomnia severity score	The reliable and valid Insomnia severity Index (ISI) for clinical diagnosis for insomnia (ICSD) will be used to determine insomnia severity score. Clinical cut points for ISI are as follows: no insomnia (0-7), sub-threshold insomnia (8-14), moderate insomnia (15-21), and severe insomnia (22-28). Response to the intervention on the ISI will be defined as a meaningful change of 7 or more points from baseline, or remission as reduction to a score less than 8.	Baseline and week 10
Change in total sleep time	Total sleep time or duration is computed by asking participants what time they wake-up and what time they go to bed (range from 0 min-1440 min).	Baseline and week 10
Change in wake after sleep onset	Wake after sleep onset (WASO) is the amount of wake time in minutes during the attempted sleeping period after sleep onset has been achieved.	Baseline and week 10
Change in sleep onset latency	Sleep onset latency is the amount of time, in minutes, it takes a person to fall asleep. It begins at "light out' when the lights are turned off and the person attempts to fall asleep, and ends at sleep onset. A sleep latency of 10-20 minutes is considered normal.	Baseline and week 10
Change in sleep efficiency and quality	Will be measured by a wrist sleep actigraphy and sleep diary. Sleep efficiency is defined by the ratio of total sleep time to time in bed. Normal sleep efficiency for a healthy adult is 90% or higher. Sleep quality will be collected by participant's self-report using a 0-10 numerical scale (higher score means better sleep quality)	Baseline and week 10
Change in perceived stress score (PSS)	The PSS has 10 items. It measures feelings and stressful thoughts for the past month. PSS ranges from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Scores ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress. Scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress. Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.	Baseline and week 10

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)	The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) will be used to measure adherence to the study protocol. The FFMQ Short Form has 24 items. Responses in the scale are made on a 5-point Likert Scale. Total FFMQ can be divided by 24 to get an average item score. The five facets, or five key aspects of mindfulness that the test measures acts as the mediator of therapeutic change and mindful interventions. Higher score means higher level in mindfulness practice.	Baseline and week 10
Change in Cortisol	Cortisol measures levels of salivary stress. Within-group changes, compared with control, of cortisol biomarkers outcomes will be measured. Test volume, lower limit of sensitivity, range of calibrators are as follows: 25 ul, .007 ug/dl, .012 - 3.0 ug/dl for cortisol	Baseline and week 10
Change in C-reactive protein [CRP]	Within-group changes, compared with control, of C-reactive protein [CRP] biomarkers outcomes will be measured. Test volume, lower limit of sensitivity, range of calibrators are as follows: 100 ul, 9.72 pg/ml, 25-1600 pg/ml for CRP.	Baseline and week 10
Change in cytokines [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α])	Within-group changes, compared with control, of cytokines [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α]) biomarkers outcomes will be measured. Test volume, lower limit of sensitivity, range of calibrators are as follows: 60 ul, .07 pg/ml, 0-100 pg/ml for IL-6.	Baseline and week 10
Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)	PSQI measures seven components: sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency (percentage of total time in bed spent in sleep), sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction. Each component has a range from 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). The global score of PSQI ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality.	Baseline and week 10
Change in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)	PHQ-9 assesses depression symptoms. Each item asks about the frequency of specific depressive symptoms experienced over the past two weeks. The response options are scored from 0 to 3, indicating "not at all" to "nearly every day." The total score on the PHQ-9 ranges from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. The scoring can also be divided into categories, with scores of 0-4 indicating minimal or no depression, 5-9 indicating mild depression, 10-14 indicating moderate depression, 15-19 indicating moderately severe depression, and 20 or above indicating severe depression.	Baseline and week 10
Change in The Epworth Sleepiness Scale	The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: measures general level of daytime sleepiness. Each question is rated on a scale of 0 to 3, with 0 indicating no chance of dozing and 3 indicating a high chance of dozing. The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater daytime sleepiness.	Baseline and week 10
Change in The Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS)	DBAS is a 16 item-scale evaluates the following sleep-related cognitions: consequences of insomnia, worry about sleep, sleep expectations, and medication. Each item is rated on a 10-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). For each statement, participants rated their level of agreement/disagreement by choosing "strongly disagree" (0) to "strongly agree" (10). The subscale score is calculated with the average score of items. A higher score indicates more dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep.	Baseline and week 10
Change in The Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (SHPS)	The Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (SHPS): assesses sleep hygiene awareness and practices. The SHPS has 19 items which include sleep-related behaviors (napping, caffeine/alcohol intake), night time activities (exercise, phone conversation), and bedroom environment (noise, light, temperature and bed partner). Respondents report on the average number of days per week in which they engaged in these activities during the previous month. Frequency scores (number of days per week) were calculated for each item, and higher frequency scores indicated worse sleep hygiene practices. The total hygiene practice scores ranged from 0 to 133.	Baseline and week 10
Change in The Trait Anxiety Scale	The Trait Anxiety Scale consists of 20 self-report items that assess how individuals generally feel and respond to various situations in their lives. Participants are asked to rate the frequency or intensity of their anxiety-related feelings, thoughts, and behaviors on a Likert scale. The scale typically ranges from 1 to 4 or 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of trait anxiety.	Baseline and week 10

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yale University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 18, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 25, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): November 16, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 28, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 28, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): July 6, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 7, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 2, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBTI)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2000030653

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No