Mental Health Associations With Vitiligo

November 14, 2025 updated by: Momentum Data

The Mental Health Associations With Vitiligo: a Population-based Cohort Study in the UK

This cohort study is a large population-based study in the UK to determine the risks of comorbid mental health conditions (including depression, anxiety and other potential psychological complications of vitiligo) in adults with vitiligo compared to controls and to evaluate whether the relative risks may vary by different ethnicity.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study has two primary outcomes 1) Prevalence and incidence of mental health condtions in people diagnosed with vitiligo compared to matched controls and 2) Primary care and secondary healthcare utilisation in patients diagnosed with vitiligo and having a prevalent depressive conditon compared to matched controls. In addition, the study examines risk of time off work and unemployment in people diagnosed with vitiligo compared to matched controls.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

36104

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This study will use routinely collected and collated data from OPCRD to provide a broadly representative sample of the population of the UK.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • All eligible adults ≥18 (as at date of vitiligo diagnosis for cases or start of follow-up for controls) registered with GP practices contributing data to OPCRD between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2020, were eligible for inclusion in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • People with less than 1 year of follow up available

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Cases
Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Vitiligo within the study period will be included as cases for analysis.
Other: Exposure of mental health condtion of interest
Common mental health conditions consist of depressive episodes, recurrent depressive disorder and anxiety disorder.
Controls
The controls will be defined by matching cases with people who have never been diagnosed with vitiligo either prior to or during the study period, by age and sex, at General Practice level.
Other: Exposure of mental health condtion of interest
Common mental health conditions consist of depressive episodes, recurrent depressive disorder and anxiety disorder.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Participants With Depressive Episodes
Time Frame: At the time of diagnosis in all people diagnosed with vitiligo 2004-2020 inclusive. For matched controls, the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Prevalence of common mental health conditions (depressive episodes) in adult people diagnosed with vitiligo and matched controls without vitiligo.
At the time of diagnosis in all people diagnosed with vitiligo 2004-2020 inclusive. For matched controls, the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Risk of Depressive Episodes Within Adult Patients With Vitiligo
Time Frame: Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Adjusted hazard ratio calculated using Cox proportional hazards models
Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Number of Participants With Anxiety Disorder
Time Frame: At the time of diagnosis in all people diagnosed with vitiligo 2004-2020 inclusive. For matched controls, the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Prevalence of common mental health conditions (Anxiety Disorder) in adult people diagnosed with vitiligo and matched controls without vitiligo.
At the time of diagnosis in all people diagnosed with vitiligo 2004-2020 inclusive. For matched controls, the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Number of Participants With Recurrent Depressive Disorder
Time Frame: At the time of diagnosis in all people diagnosed with vitiligo 2004-2020 inclusive. For matched controls, the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Prevalence of common mental health conditions (Recurrent Depressive Disorder) in adult people diagnosed with vitiligo and matched controls without vitiligo.
At the time of diagnosis in all people diagnosed with vitiligo 2004-2020 inclusive. For matched controls, the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Risk of Anxiety Disorder Within Adult Patients With Vitiligo
Time Frame: Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Adjusted hazard ratio calclulated using Cox Proportional hazard models
Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Risk of Recurrent Depressive Disorder Within Adult Patients With Vitilgo
Time Frame: Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Adjusted hazard ratio calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, social deprivation quintile, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use and comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease stages 3-5, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic liver disease and dementia).
Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Describe the incidence of common mental health conditions (depressive episodes, recurrent depressive disorder and anxiety disorder) in adult people with vitiligo stratified by sociodemographic factors compared to matched controls.
Time Frame: Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.
Sociodemographic groups are defined by 10-year age category, sex, socio-economic status and ethnicity.
Within two years of vitiligo diagnosis. For matched controls, within two years of the date of diagnosis of their matched case.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Momentum Data

Collaborators

Pfizer

Investigators

  • Study Director: Andrew McGovern, MD, Momentum Data Ltd

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 18, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 30, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

October 21, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 19, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 1, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

July 7, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

December 2, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 14, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • P044

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

OPCRD data can be accessed by bone fide researchers for specific research projects subject to approval by Anonymised Data Ethics & Protocol Transparency (ADEPT) Committee. The data utilised for this study cannot be made available without such approval.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

The data will be available subject to approvals for two years after the study publication date

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Data sharing is subject to ADEPT committee approval

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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